The Louvre

With a surface of 210,000 m2 of them are devoted to exhibitions. This museum holds 35,000 masterpieces and eight different collections. To be able to land the entire museum I had to go several times and take all in all over from where I left. What really fascinated me and grab my attention is the Egyptian ancientness section. I was charmed about this because it had all the details about the volution and flavor style of this wonderful and fascinating culture and finish.Im personally very arouse in studying the Egyptian civilization and knowing all the scene of this culture and this exhibition gathered all the necessary information that I needed and I asked to have. The evolution of this civilization was in front of me in the same place. It was a dream that became a reality. I had all the tools that they apply In their dally lives In front of me, I couldnt believe my eyes. I was watching their dresses and their makeup and Jewelry.I was fascinated about their Inventions and cre ations that Inspired us and tacit Inspiring us till today. The Dep trickment of Egyptian Antiquities at the tailfin museum houses a major Egyptologlcal collections of the world with 50,000 rooms. This section covered every iodin detail about this amazing people. The collection covers all periods of ancient Egyptian civilization since the time of Nagada to the Roman and Coptic Egypt. Among the most famous exhibits be at the time of Nagada knife Gebel el-Arak and the range of hunting.The major piece of art illustrating the time thinite is the stele of King Snake. Among all exposed sarcophagi, one finds that of Dioscorides, a Greek general during the reign of Ptolemy VI who decided to be conceal according to ancient Egyptian local customs, choosing to do make a sarcophagus. This proved the power of this civilization and how It Influenced others clvlllzatlons. I also liked the Muslim art section since Its about my religion.The Department of Islamic Art from the Louvre, stablished in August 2003, brings together the collections from an area between Spain and India, dating from the origins of Islamic civilization (622) until the nineteenth century. This department includes several gems of Islamic art the al- Pyxis Mughira an os box dated Spanish 968, the flat peacock, an important Ottoman ceramics, especially the baptistery of St. Louis, one of the most famous pieces and most enigmatic of all Islamic art, created by Muhammad ibn al-Zayn the early fourteenth century.Since 22 September 2012, Islamic art are exhibited at the Louvre in the Cour Visconti. This space allows the exhibit of 3000 works from the collections of the Louvre, but also the Muse des humanistic discipline dcoratifs. It is remarkable how this section take place under a canopy with undulating shapes, recalling from the architects Marlo Belllnl and Rudy Ricclottl a dragonfly wing or a riotous carpet. Vlsltlng this museum was a very enriching and fascinating experience where I learn a lot of new things about the civilization that Im most fiery about and my own rellglon

Greater London Authority

This business report aims to investigate the policies affecting the milieu in enceinte of the United Kingdom. A review will be made into the responsibilities of the Greater capital of the United Kingdom Authority (GLA) and the city manager. A critical evaluation of the evidence will be provided. A survey of opinions amongst GSM students will be presented and a conclusion worn-out on the effectiveness of the Greater capital of the United Kingdom Authority (GLA) and the Mayor in tackling key issues which relate to the environment. It has been estimated that London, the capital of England, has a population of to a greater extent than eighter from Decatur million (www. tandard. co. uk). With a 0. 7% fall in GDP in the second quarter of 2012 (GLAEconomics, 2012) the Mayor of London ( mol) plays an important role in improving London for all (london. gov. uk). The Greater London Authority (GLA) is a top-tier administrative body for London (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Greater_London_Aut hority) which consists of an elected mayor, the London assembly and abiding members of GLA staff who collaboratively work towards design a better capital (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/greater-london-authority).The MoL is responsible for the economic, environmental, social enhancement of the city (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). Plans and policies are real to tackle the issues effect London much(prenominal) as transport, housing, health inequalities and environmental issues (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). environmental issues can be defined as the overdrive of natural resources (Fransson and Garling, 1999) and can be categorised into line of products, water, radiation and odor pollution (http//www. environment-agency. ov. uk). The United Kingdom (UK), ranked eighth in the world for throw the highest carbon dioxide emissions (http//www. ucsusa. org). The UK generates 586 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year. Even though remarkabl e efforts are being made to reduce our carbon alkaliprint such as building the worlds largest wind farm, pollution due transportation moreover still remains a major problem in the UK (http//www. actionforourplanet. com). Environmental concern has risen on the political agenda since 2003. Various olicies contain been introduced since then, relating to the environment. In 2009, a document entitled Leading to a Greener London was published setting out the aims for London to reduce its carbon foot print and become one of the worlds greenest cities (https//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strateg. The Mayors Municipal waste scheme (2011) sets out to improve the life of Londoners by retrofitting London, greening London and immaculate air for London (http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/Municipal%20Waste_FINAL. pdf).Retrofitting or mordenising our homes and workplaces to be more energy efficient is considered to be a vital action, as this accounts for near ly eighty percent (80%) of the cities emissions. Greening London consists of increasing Londons tree coverage and green spaces in order to improve air quality, reduce the impact of extreme weather conditions and increase the vibrancy of the city. The mayor has already made various steps towards achieving cleaner air for London which includes introducing new cleaner hybrid buses (http//www. london. gov. k/priorities/transport/green-transport/hybrid-buses), charging points for electric cars (https//www. sourcelondon. net) and barlays pedal hire is due to be expanding to south west London in 2014 (http//www. tfl. gov. uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/25711. aspx). Nevertheless, evidence shows that air pollution in our capital has exceeding EU limits and proves that London has a long way to go to improve emissions (http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembly/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital).The business waste Strategy (20 11) sets out to direct the counseling of business waste. London currently produces 20 million tones of waste a year. With London growing, this amount is due to increase. The aim of this policy is to educate and back up Londoners to reduce, reuse and recycle their household and support businesss to dispose of their waste more efficiently and effectively (http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strategy/waste). These policies have filtered scratch off to local councils and a proposal has been drawn in the borough of Croydon to target those who persistently refuse to recycle with a fixed penalty of ? 0 (http//www. croydon. gov. uk/environment/rrandw/recycling-rates/). However, even with the government activitys increasing efforts to try a reduce waste and instigate recycling, there are many areas in society where this is not happening. For example, the governments voluntary scheme to cut the use if throwaway bags issued by supermarkets has been a disappointment. The use of plastic bags has increased for the second year cut (http//www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2012/jul/05/plastic-bag-use-rise-supermarkets). In response, a proposal making it mandatory to bear down all single use carrier bags may be implement (http//www. ondon. gov. uk/media/press_releases_assembly_member/news-jenny-jones-am-calling-charge-all-single-use-carrier-bags). In conclusion, government will always make proposals and draw up policies however sometimes implementing these policies at a local level is real challenging. Even though the GLA want to see improvements and continuously demand, support of necessity to be made at a local level to jock guide local authorities through continuous changes enforced upon them. REFERENCING FRANSSON, N. GARLING,T. (1999) ENVIRONMENTALCONCERN conceptual DEFINITIONS, MEASUREMENT METHODS, AND RESEARCH FINDINGS.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19 (4) pp 369382 http//www. actionforourplanet. com//top-10-polluting-countries/454168 4868 http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembly/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/transport/green-transport/hybrid-buses http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/ line of descent%20Waste_FINAL. pdf). http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/Business%20Waste_FINAL. pdf http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/londons_economy_today_no119_26071

The Nonverbal Decoding Ability

1. Bonnet, C. (1993). word meaning at birth prevention against abandonment or neonaticide. Child affront Negl, 17(4), 501-13. This take aim aims to clarify some of the anomalies that exist between abandoning a claw at a public place and the choices made by the pargonnts at the time of the birth of a child. 2. Bowen, E. , & Nowicki, S. (2007). The Nonverbal Decoding Ability of Children assailable to Family Violence or Maltreatment Prospective Evidence from a British Cohort. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31(3), 169-184.This view outlined as to how the exposure of children to family personnel and maltreatment in first four years of age toilet influence a childs expression of fear and other(a) related psychological issues. 3. Buller, David. (2005). adapting minds evolutionary psychology and the persistent quest for military personnel temper. MIT Press New York. This book presents a philosophical analysis of evolutionary psychology and discusses some of the most important works in this field. 4. Castellucci & Plum. (1999). moral philosophy and Adoption Indeed. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http//www. bastards. org/bq/bq11/ebdrep. htmThese are some of the notes from Evan B Donaldson Symposium on morals and Adoption and basically discuss some of the work presented by the participants in that symposium. 5. Conte, J. R. , & Schuerman, J. R. (1987). Factors associated with an increased force of child sexual deprave. Child abomination & Neglect, 11(2), 201. This force field dealt with the factors in assessing the impact of sexual offense on children. Results indicated that there are variable results indicating different degree of variability of the results. 6. Daro, D. , & McCurdy, K. (n. d. ). Preventing child abuse and negligence programmatic interventions.Child Welfare, 73(5), 405. This study provides an insight into how the prevention efforts at altering such(prenominal) ways washbowl contribute towards the everyplaceall risk to the children and t he families. This study advertize discusses as to what we distinguish about the efficacy and efficiency of such efforts and what some of the problems being set about are. 7. Finkelhor, D. , Williams, L. M. , & Burns, N. (1988). Nursery crimes Sexual abuse in day care. No. ISBN 0-8039-3400-9, 272. This study provides an empirical evidence of the child abuse taking place inside the daycare facilities with children under the age of 7 years.This article therefore defines the nature of the problem, the effectiveness of the different investigation methods as well as the impact of such incidences on the community as a whole. 8. Gauthier et al. (1996). Recall of puerility Neglect and Physical Abuse as Differential predictors of Current psychologically Functioning. Retrieved 24 April, 2009 from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/8832112 This study attempts to bridge the gaps between the send packing and physical abuse on the psychological functioning of the children.By examining the sample of 236 male and 276 female undergraduate students, this study therefore empirically concluded that there is an strong kindred between the physical abuse and psychological functioning. 9. Gelles, R. J. , & Harrop, J. W. (1991). The risk of abusive madness among children with nongenetic caretakers. Family Relations, 78-83. By using a sample of more than 6000 participants, this study move to understand whether the non-genetic caretakers use more violence than the genetic caretakers. 10. Golden, O. (2000). The federal response to child abuse and neglect. The American psychologist, 55(9), 1050.This study outlines some of the efforts of the administration on children and family in improving the lives of the maltreated children. 11. Groza, V. , & Ryan, S. D. (2002). Pre-adoption stress and its association with child behavior in domestic special needs and international adoptions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1-2), 181-197. This study rivet on the cross sectional data analysis of the adopted children from US and Romania. The major findings of this study include the recommendations for families to understand how negative experiences in archeozoic childhood can affect child behavior. 12.Hill, R. B. (1977). Informal Adoption among moody Families. This is the study on the informal adaptation patterns of children in Black American families and outlined how different factors contribute to such patterns. 13. McNamara, Carter. (2008) Analyzing, Interpreting and Reporting staple fibre Research results. Free Management Library. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http//managementhelp. org/research/analyze. htm This article, published on internet describes as to how to approach the research professionally and from an academic acme of view. 14. Nalavany, B. A. , Ryan, S. D. , Howard, J. A., & Smith, S. L. (2008). Preadoptive child sexual abuse as a predictor of moves in care, adoption disruptions, and inconsistent adoptive parent commitment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(12), 1084-1088. This study actually attempts to reinforce a small body of research that the CSA complicates further the child adaptation process. 15. Spinetta, J. J. , & ER, D. (n. d. ). The child-abusing parent A psychological review. Child Abuse A Multidisciplinary Survey, 14. 16. Tan, T. X. (2006). History of Early Neglect and Middle Childhood sociable Competence An Adoption Study. Adoption Quarterly, 9(4), 59.This study examines whether the earlier history of neglect and maltreatment in infancy has any influence over the competence of the children when they reach the adolescence. This study further assesses the impact of such on the kind interaction of children as well as their performance in the adulterous activities. 17. Tongue, A. C. (1991). The ophthalmologists role in diagnosing child abuse. Ophthalmology, 98(7), 1009. This study discusses the role of ophthalmologist in diagnosing the early child abuse and as such provides certain recommendations as to how such violations c an be decreased. 18. Watson et al. (1994).Substitute Care Providers lot Abused and Neglected Children. DIANE publishing Chicago This study provides insight into the growing of abuse and drug exposure into the children and how to recognize different physical indicators to advert such state of children. 19. Wilson, M. I. , Daly, M. , & Weghorst, S. J. (2008). Household composition and the risk of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Biosocial Science, 12(03), 333-340 This study attempted to assess how the different factors such as family composition, income, age of the victim as well as household employment can result into child abuse. 20. Harter, Susan.(2001). the Construction of the Self A developmental Perspective. Guilford Press New Jersey This book attempts to explain as to how the children and their egotism perception about themselves define their relationship with others. This book therefore alike provides the information about the self development of children which take p lace over the period of time. 21. Grotevant, Harold. (2005). Minnesota/ Texas Adoption research Project. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http//cehd. umn. edu/FSoS/assets/pdf/ResearchDiscovery/Procedures_Measures2. pdf This study basically attempt to measure the validity of different hypothesis

Principles of developing adults Essay

Malcolm Knowles renowned for his bring in on adult acquire (andragogy) identified the following principles of wearing adults * Adults need to be provided with a rationale as to why the discipline is taking place * Adults need to be encouraged to be self-directive and responsible for their encyclopaedism * Adults can fully dedicate and participate in the learning physical process (collective wealth of experience enables them to do this) * Adults wish to learn if they can see a practical get to it * If adults believe the learning can enhance performance they leave behind knocker the learning * Adults respond better to intrinsic motivators (increased familiarity and self-esteem) Preparing and designing learning and suppuration events/ incumbrances are vital in order to ensuring* The nurture intervention has a clear project * Aims and objectives are clearly covered * The of necessity and learning styles of the learners are taken into reduce * Aims and objectives are integ rated to organisational needfully * The development intervention is motivating and prosecute for individuals * There is lively commission from the participants to learning * That the resources and materials are complimentary to over tout ensemble aims and objectives and ensure that the intervention is engaging and accessible * Sensitivity to all participants cultural, religious and other needs * An sound judgment of what has been developed is vagabond in place * The interventions/outcomes are fully evaluated all the way planned and designed events will help towards the advancement of* Individual, team and organisational aims and objectives * Skills, cognition and behaviours * Higher participant satisfaction with the intervention, which could encourage push engagement in the learning process * The likelihood that further development will be proposedHowever, no matter how effective the organisation of the event is and how much the promotional material tries to engage the learne rs, consideration needs to be taken into account of the organisational and individual barriers to learning when planning the process. Barriers (both organisational and individual) can hold* Lack of required resources and materials * Learning and development interventions previously non delivering on promises * Lack of irrefutable conference and involvement to engage and motivate individuals of the benefits * Fear of learning and development* Fear of competence * Previous (negative) experiences of learning and development * Lack of hypermetropy with regards to the benefits of learning and development * We have tried this before and it did not work syndrome * The learning does not fit in with my particular learning stylesnydrome * conk me alone, I am doing well syndromeThe above should be taken disadvantageously by organisations as these can have a negative come to on the organisation enhancing its skills, knowledge and behaviours and hence its overall performance. Continuous communication with staff, where they are actively involved in the design and preparation of the process can go some way to alleviating these difficulties. An effective performance caution process that focuses on developing employee capabilities will provide a further mechanism for their input, whilst potentially increasing their confidence and abilities to involve themselves in the process.The active involvement of individuals may overcome many of the barriers, including negative previous experiences (probably in school) where learners may not have been treated like responsible adults (see nurture on adult learning below).There are a number of models and theories that can help identify how the needs of learners can be put into practice.* Instrumental learning possibleness improving efficiency and effectiveness on the job once basic standards have been achieved * Cognitive learning theory utilising information to acquire knowledge and put into context * Affective learning theor y development of attitudes and/or feelings to a particular area * financial backing theory focus on behaviouralism in that the belief is that individuals can be conditioned and will change their behaviour based on a response to events or stimuli (e.g. a pay rise, threat of a specimen * Social learning theory enhancement of learning through favorable interaction and the sharing of knowledge, ideas and solutions * Experiential learning theory more autonomous where individuals learn from their experience and historicly reflect on how they can develop and apply their learning further The type of learning is dependent on the context and the motivation and determination of the individual.Although an appreciation of learning theories is important to throttle how plurality learn, an appreciation of different learning styles can enable organisations to tackle a more focused approach to developing L&D interventions.Kolbs learning cycle focuses on how individuals can utilise cove r experiences to help inform new developmental choices. To be truly effective, a learner should develop a mix of observation, reflection, direct involvement and analytic insight.Honey and Mumford Learning styles questionnaire identified four distinct (although arguably in return inclusive learning styles) that individuals may relate to in terms of preferences of learning. It is important for HR/L&D professionals to both identify how they adapt development to meet learners needs and enable individuals to explore learning methods they may not be organicly comfortable with, yet will aid their total development.Bernice McCarthys 4MAT identifies four styles of learning based on four questions/areas (1) reasons for lacking(p) to learn (2) what learners like to know (3) knowing how things work (4) learners finding solutions for themselves. These will identify learners motivation for learning and how to design learning and development interventions to sustain these.Blooms Domains for Learning divides learning into three domains (categories) (1) Cognitive knowledge/facts (2) psychomotor practical skills (3) affective attitudes/beliefsSylvia Downs MUD (memory, appreciation and doing) (1) memory knowledge/facts (2) understanding concepts/abstract ideas (3) doing practical skillsLegislative requirementsIn terms of preparing and designing, a number of key legislative requirements need to be taken into account, not only to adhere to the law, but more significantly to ensure a safe, comfortable environment is in place where people can flourish. Additionally, detailed record keeping could provide vital information for future decision making and performance enhancement. Key legislative requirements include* Health and safety ensuring a safe environment that is accessible for all * Equality legislation ensuring accessibility and the reduction of discrimination * Data testimonial ensuring data is processed fairly, used only for a specific purpose and stored s afely * Telecommunications and communication particularly pertinent if delivery involves e-learning, blended and surpass learning * Regulation regulatory bodies may require detailed records to be kept for auditing purposes

History of Civil Engineering Essay

culturedized technology involves the design, construction, and principal(prenominal)tenance of works such(prenominal) as roads, bridges, and structures. Its a science that includes a variety of disciplines including soils, structures, geology, and new(prenominal) fields. Thus the history of civil engineer is closely associated with the history of patterned advance in these sciences. In past history, virtually of the construction was carried out by artisans, and technical expertise was limited. Tasks were accomplished by the utilization of manual savvy alone, without the do of sophisticated machinery, since it did not exist. Therefore, civil plan science works could only be realized with the utilization of a large number of handy workers over an extended period of time.* Prehistoric and Ancient Civil design StructuresIt might be appropriate to assume that the science of civil engineering truly commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Egypt when transportation gained such splendor that it led to the development of the wheel. According to the historians, the Pyramids were constructed in Egypt during 2800-2400 BC and may be considered as the first large structure construction ever. The Great beleaguer of China that was constructed around 200 BC is considered another achievement of ancient civil engineering. The Romans developed extensive structures in their empire, including aqueducts, bridges, and dams. A scientific get down to the physical sciences concerning civil engineering was implemented by Archimedes in the tercet snow BC, by utilizing the Archimedes Principle concerning buoyancy and the Archimedes screw for raising water.ASCE Online program librarywww.ascelibrary.orgFree search 800,000 pages All areas of civil engineeringSoftware conduct DegreeEducationDegreeSource.com/Free_Info100%Online Master Degree Software engineer for reside Programmers Seismic Design Groupwww.SeismicDesignGroup.comSeismic Bracing & engine room technical Non -Structural Trades Ads by Google* The Roles of Civil And Military Engineer in Ancient measure As stated above, civil engineering is considered to be the first main discipline of engineering, and the engineers were in fact military machine engineers with expertise in military and civil works. During the era of battles or operations, the engineers were engaged to assist the soldiers fighting in the battlefield by qualification catapults, towers, and other instruments used for fighting the enemy. However, during quiet time, they were concerned mainly with the civil activities such as building fortifications for defense, making bridges, canals, etc.* Civil technology in the 18th twentieth cokeUntil the recent era, there was no major difference between the price civil engineering and architecture, and they were often used interchangeably. It was in the 18th century that the marches civil engineering was firstly used independently from the term military engineering. The first pri vate college in the United States that included Civil Engineering as a separate discipline was Norwich University established in the year 1819. Civil engineering societies were formed in United States and European countries during the 19th century, and similar institutions were established in other countries of the world during the 20th century. The American Society of Civil Engineers is the first national engineering society in the United States. In was founded in 1852 with members related to the civil engineering profession located globally. The number of universities in the world that include civil engineering as a discipline have increased hugely during the 19th and the 20th centuries, indicating the importance of this technology.* Modern Concepts In Civil EngineeringNumerous technologies have assisted in the advancement of civil engineering in the modern world, including high-tech machinery, selection of materials, test equipment, and other sciences. However, the most promine nt contributor in this field is considered to be computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided correct (CAM). Civil engineers use this technology to achieve an efficient system of construction, including manufacture, fabrication, and erection. multidimensional design software is an essential tool for the civil engineer that facilitates him in the efficient designing of bridges, tall buildings, and other huge complicated structures. *http//www.thecivilengg.com/History.php well-bred ENGINEERING (CE)Overall Focus Public works/infrastructure and buildings/structures. discover Given the number of potential applications, Civil Engineering is a very broad discipline. Primary Areas of Specialization1. Construction Management (combining engineering and attention skills to complete construction projects designed by other engineers and architects). 2. Environmental Engineering (see separate entry) 3. Geotechnical Engineering (analysis of soils and rock in support of engineering projects/ applications building foundations, earthen structures, underground facilities, dams, tunnels, roads, etc) 4. Structural Engineering (design of all types of stationary structures buildings, bridges, dams, etc.) 5. canvas (measure/map the earths surface in support of engineering design and construction projects and for legal purposes locating property lines, etc.)6. Transportation Engineering (design of all types of transportation facilities/systems streets/highways, airports, railroads, other mass transit, harbors/ports, etc.). 7. Water Resources Engineering (control and use of water, focusing on flood control, irrigation, raw water supply, and hydroelectric place applications)http//groups.yahoo.com/group/AR001_ARCHCRUZ/files/3.%20LETTERING/

Should we negotiate with terrorists?

Terrorism is a worldwide line that has devastating effects. It deprives people of the freedom to travel and enjoy themselves for fear of terrorist attacks. It subjects cle atomic number 18d people to assaults, kidnappings and murders as they are use as pawns in poisonous semipolitical games.The question of whether a government should negotiate with terrorists has been widely debated. whatsoever think it is beneficial. Others think it does more than harm than good. This paper willing explore some arguments both for supporting and against negotiation with terrorists.Arguments supporting negotiation with terrorists salve livesThe most obvious and immediate advantage of negotiating with terrorists is the saving of lives. If terrorists hold numerous innocent people hostage in exchange for the fulfilment of their demands, therefore negotiating with them would most likely moderate in the expeditious saving of those people. This hear supports the idea that everything should be done to save a life.Enables communication, learning and apprehensiveness of terrorists.Negotiating enables communication with the terrorists and can therefore lead to a greater apprehension of them, as well as a greater capacity to baffle them, which may help resolve the conflicts between the terrorists and the government and may regular(a) open the way for peace. Communication with terrorists can also aid in acquiring valuable intelligence that can be later used against them.Al Qaeda appears to be open to negotiationSome experts hurl argued that Jihad is a defensive doctrine, and the attacks against the West should be understood as retaliatory, provoked attacks which would cease if the West gives in to their demands of reduced military figurehead in Islamic countries, political and military aid to Israel, and aid to other Middle Eastern countries (Zalman 2007).Ayman Al Zawahiri, Al Qaedas de vomity sheriff leader, has said words that suggest a willingness to negotiate. He s tated in December 2006 that the United States will be negotiating and failing in Iraq, until it is labored to return to negotiate with the real powers (Zalman 2007).All solutions must be attempt before terrorist groups obtain nuclear weaponsAn argument for negotiation is that it can put a halt to terrorists before they obtain nuclear weapons. There are constant indications that Osama Bin Laden is searching for nuclear materials (Zalman 2007), and it can be argued that everything should be done, including negotiating, to stop the threat of nuclear war which of course would result in an enormous amount of innocent deaths.Arguments against negotiation with terrorists.More lives are saved in the long-runThe biggest reason to non negotiate with terrorists is that it serves as an incentive for terrorists to keep reservation demands, in this way encouraging more terrorist activity. In the long run, if terrorists know that governments will not negotiate with them, they are unlikely to k eep making demands. For example, during the terrorist school siege in Beslan, Russia did not negotiate with the terrorists. It can be argued that the people who died in Beslan would not acquire died if Russia had negotiated with the terrorists and had given them what they wanted. However, in the long run, Russia disencouraged terrorists from holding schools ransom or trying similar stunts by showing them that such attempts to negotiate are unsuccessful. duologue is ineffective and a sign of weaknessTerrorist groups such as Al Qaeda are considered to be radical Islamic extremists who seek the oddment of all negotiations with the United States and its allies (Zalman 2007). Therefore, negotiating with them would be ineffective. Moreover, it will be seen as a sign of weakness and would encourage them to exploit it.Negotiating with terrorists rewards terrorist activity and destabilizes clean political systemsBy negotiating with terrorists, a government can be argued to be rewarding t errorists for their violent behaviour, something which should never be done. If terrorists are given what they want, they will come back and ask for more. Furthermore, negotiating with terrorists erodes and weakens the value of non -violent and pacifist means of achieving political change (Zalman 2007). Negotiation with terrorists destabilizes political systems by encouraging terrorists to keep making demands, and establishes a dangerous precedent (Zalman 2007).Terrorists may not honor the equipment casualty of their demandsTerrorists cannot be trusted to comply with the terms of a negotiation. Truces with terrorist groups dont always hold, as has been the case with Israel and Hamas, and with Spain and ETA (Zalman 2007). Furthermore, even a truce with a terrorist leader, for example Osama Bin Laden, does not guarantee that the entire worldwide Al Qaeda terrorist group will honor the terms of the truce. This makes negotiating harder and less effective. BibliographyZalman, A. (2007). why Not Negotiate with Terrorists- -Pros and Cons of Talking to Al Qaeda. (Online) Retrieved April 2 2007. http//terrorism.about.com/od/globalwaronterror/i/NegotiateQaeda.

Aquinas’ and St. Anselm’s Proofs of the Existence of God

It is generally dumb that people that be nonbelievers in divinity would neer believe in the philosophies of the believers with regard to His earthly concern. Nevertheless, in that location harbor been a human body of important philosophers who brook sought to take the stand the embodyence of the Almighty by thought alone. According to these philosophers, the presence of divinity may be understood by reason. Throughout the ages of humanity, believers have claimed to have felt the presence of God. solely the same, there is no room for personal proofs in the philosophy of religion. St. doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas doubting Thomas was a believer in God, who proposed five offices to crawl in God.The first stylus of proving Gods existence, according to the philosopher, is by agency of observing motion that is, everything in move workforcet throughout the universe should prove to us that there is a Prime Mover of all things. This way of proving Gods existence is uniform to the bank line of the creationists who assert that everything that we abide by essential have a Creator, just as all things that are man-made have originators. On a similar note, the second way of whaping God according to St. Thomas Aquinas is by collar that all effects have bring ins and so, there mustiness be a initial Cause of everything.The third way of proving the existence of God is by observing that everything in the universe is thinkable to be and not to be so therefore, there must be an Essential Existence without which the existence and nonexistence of other things are meaningless (The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, 1920). This proof is in an elaborate way tied to the earlier proofs, including the current argument of the creationists. St. Thomas Aquinas describes it therefore The third way is taken from possibility and necessity, and runs thus. We find in spirit things that are possible to be and not to be, since they are found to be gene rated, and to orrupt, and consequently, they are possible to be and not to be. But it is impossible for these forever and a day to exist, for that which is possible not to be at some time is not. thereof, if everything is possible not to be, then at one time there could have been nonentity in existence. Now if this were true, even now there would be energy in existence, because that which does not exist only begins to exist by something already existing. Therefore, if at one time nothing was in existence, it would have been impossible for anything to have begun to exist and thus ven now nothing would be in existence which is absurd. Therefore, not all beings are merely possible, further there must exist something the existence of which is necessary This all men speak of as God (The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas). St. Thomas Aquinas also writes that everything that is necessary must have been made necessary by something else.However, there must be something that is nec essary in and of itself. Furthermore, this entity of necessity must cause other entities to believe in its necessity. This is the meaning of God, according to the philosopher (The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas). The ordinal proof proffered by St. Thomas Aquinas is similar to Platos creation of Forms. The philosopher believes that there is a ranking in place throughout the universe (Thomas Aquinas and the Five Ways, 2000). One person may be better than the others. Given that we compare attributes of people and things to rank them reveals that there must be something which is truest, something best, something noblest and, consequently, something which is uttermost being in short, something that is Supreme in equality with the rest (The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas).The fifth way of proving the existence of God is on the button the same as the argument of creationists in our times. St. Thomas Aquinas discussed reasoned design with the philosophy that everything in the universe serves a special, reasoning(a) train that has been designed by the Creator. This proof is based on the assumption that everything near us is essentially unintelligent except God, of course (The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas). In situation, all five proofs of Gods existence proffered by St. Thomas Aquinas may be said to r develop around the intelligent design argument.St. Anselm was another believer like St. Thomas Aquinas who be the existence of God by reason alone. Yet, the ontological argument proffered by St. Anselm is the simplest. Instead of five proofs of Gods existence, St. Anselm offered only one, that is, God is that beyond which there is no greatness that we can comprehend of (St. Anselms ontological Argument, 2008). But, St. Anselms argument also rests on five logical points. The following(a) is the argument with its corollaries (1) God is that than which no greater can be conceived 2) If God is that than which no greater can be conceived then there is nothing greater than God that can be imagined Therefore (3) There is nothing greater than God that can be imagined (4)If God does not exist then there is something greater than God that can be imagined. Therefore (5) God exists (St. Anselms Ontological Argument). The gist of the above argument is the very definition of Gods existence, according to St. Anselm. This definition God is that than which no greater can be conceived is different from all proofs of St. Thomas Aquinas (St. Anselms Ontological Argument). Moreover, it is a reasonable proof, similar to St. Thomas Aquinas statements about Gods existence. After all, it is swooning to suppose that God must be that beyond which we can conceive of no greatness. Besides, nobody in the history of humanity has ever claimed to be greater than God. Even if someone were to claim that he or she is greater than God, it would be impossible for the majority of humans to believe in the claim, beholding that God would not comp ete with the claimer as in a debate.With our extra perceptions, we are unable to see God, and neither could we imagine something or mortal that must be greater than God. If we cannot find anything that is greater than God, the Almighty must be Real, according to St. Anselm. Even so, the essential argument of the philosopher does not answer the beliefs of the atheists that perhaps there is no greatness in the universe, as everything is equal. Similarly, St. Thomas Aquinas arguments are refuted by the atheists who proffer proofs of the evolution theory of Charles Darwin to conflict the existence of God. According to the atheists, the proofs of St.Thomas Aquinas and the ontological argument of St. Anselm could be refuted because they are based on basic beliefs of the people rather than universal facts. The law that St. Thomas Aquinas believes in the First Cause of everything heart nothing for the disbelievers in God, who might claim that there is nothing to present anything exce pt in the evolutionary cycle that everything must go through, that is, things evolve one from another without a Prime Mover or First Cause. As a matter of fact, there is no argument to link the gap between the claims of believers and disbelievers in God.For as long as we know the difference between truth and falsehood, there would be arguments. The claims of each root word are refuted by those of the other. It may very well be that these arguments and refutations would broaden for as long as there is humanity on our planet. perceive that God cannot be seen, and neither does He support the believing philosophers by speaking out aloud to all the rest that these philosophers are elucidate in their belief systems it is possible to refute the godly thoughts of St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Anselm until the end of time.Conversely, those who believe in their philosophies and do not doubt could be ones that have felt the presence of God beyond reason. In fact, believers in God may suppos e that it is impossible to know God by reason alone. Given that truth cannot be turned into falsehood by argument alone, there must be a singular truth about the existence of God nevertheless. What is the truth? In the discipline of philosophy, it is the fact that everything in the universe is not known to be confined to the farming of reason. For the believing philosophers, therefore, God is a Reason beyond reason.

A workout for working memory

New research suggests that mental exercises baron recruit one(a) of the brains interchange components for reasoning and problem-solving.People may be satisfactory to commend a nearly infinite upshot of facts, but only a handful of power pointsheld in functionals storecan be accessed and considered at any given moment. Its the reason why a person susceptibility forget to buy an item or two on a mental grocery list, or why most people gather in difficulty adding together large numbers game.In fact, operative(a) retention could be the introduction for general parole and reasoning Those who can hold many items in their mind may be well equipped to consider varied angles of a complex problem simultaneously.If psychologists could support people expand their running(a)-memory skill or make it function more than efficiently, everyone could benefit, from chess masters to learning-disabled children, says Torkel Klingberg, MD, PhD, an auxiliary cognitive neuroscience professor at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. Children with circumspection-deficit hyper natural action disorder (hyperkinetic syndrome), for example, might especiall(a)y benefit from working-memory readying, says Rosemary Tannock, PhD, a psychologist and psychiatry professor at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.It could be that working-memory problems give rise to discernable behavioral symptoms of ADHD distractibility and besides poor academic achievement, she says. Working-memory deficits might also underpin some reading disabilities, as it controls the ability to phone lyric read earlier in a sentence, says Tannock.But howor even ifworking memory can be expanded by nurture corpse a topic of hot contention among psychologists. Some argue that working memory has a set limit of about foursome items, and that one-on-one differences in working memory arise from the ability to separate low-pitched bits of information into larger chunks. However, new research sug gests that working-memory capacity could expand with coiffurea finding that could shed new light on this central part of the minds architecture, as well as potentially lead to treatments for ADHD or other learning disabilities.Functional limitationsOne such(prenominal) educationby researchers at Syracuse Universityhit upon the potential trainability while attempting to resolve a contestation in the literature on the limits of working memory.Since the 1950s, psychologists fox found one aspect of working memorysome eons referred to as the focus of aidto extradite severe limitations. For example, George Miller, PhDa founder of cognitive psychology and a psychology professor at Princeton Universityestablished that people generally cant recall lists of numbers more than seven digits long.Those who exceeded that limit tended to make smaller groups of numbers into larger ones, using a process called chunking. For example, people familiar with U.S. intelligence agencies would see the letter group FBICIA as two chunks, rather the six-spot letters, and that set of letters would only occupy two slots in a persons memory, rather than six.In recent years, however, evidence is mounting that the limitation of working memory is somewhere between one and four information chunks.The downward revisal dissolvents from new techniques to keep people from chunking information, which can create the fancy of greater fundamental storage capacity, says Nelson Cowan, PhD, a psychology professor at the University of MissouriColumbia. In one common chunking-prevention method, participants repeat meaningless phrases everyplace and over while performing working memory tasks such as memorizing lists of numbers.A recent literature review by Cowan, published in behavioural and Brain Sciences (Vol. 24, No. 1, pages 87185), makes the case that a variety of working-memory measures all converge on a set limit of four items.Other researchers earn suggested that working-memory capacity is limited even furtherto just a wholeness item. In a study by Brian McElree, PhD, a psychology professor at New York University, participants underwent a test of working memory called n-back.In the task, the participants read a series of numbers, presented one at a time on a computer screen. In the easiest version of the task, the computer presents a new digit, and then prompts participants to recall what number immediately preceded the current one. much difficult versions might ask participants to recall what number appeared two, three or four digits ago.McElree found that participants recalled the immediately preceding numbers in a fraction of the time it took them to recall numbers presented more than one number agoa finding published in the diary of experimental Psychology Learning, Memory and Cognition (Vol. 27, No. 1, pages 817835.)There is clear and compel evidence of one unit being maintained in central attention and no direct evidence for more than one item of informa tion extended over time, says McElree.In an attempt to reconcile the two theories, psychology professor Paul Verhaeghen, PhD, and his colleagues at Syracuse University replicated McElrees experiment, but tracked participants receipt times as they well(p) at the task for 10 hours over quintuplet days. (See November Monitor, page 35.)We found that by the end of day fivetheir working memory capacity had expanded from one to four items, but non to five, says Verhaeghen. It seems that both theories are correct.The focus of attention might expand as other working-memory processes become automated, Verhaeghen says. Perhaps practice improves the process of attaching a stain to a number, freeing up the mind to recall up to four numbers, he notes.Some researchers believe the practice effect uncovered by Verhaeghen reflects more efficient information encoding rather than expanded working-memory capacity. According to McElree, the chemical reaction time measures used by Verhaeghen do not provide dainty measures of memory-retrieval speed, and the changes in response time with practice could indicate that participants in his study simply became more practiced at encoding numbers vividly, he says.If Verhaeghens findings can be replicated using other tasks, it could change how scientists conceptualize working-memory limitations. earlier than there being a set limitation, working-memory capacity could improve through practicesuggesting that those with working-memory problems could improve their capacities through repetition. However, practice would need to occur on a task-by-task basis, says Verhaeghen, and, as he points out, It is doubtful that practice on n-back generalizes to anything in real life.Stretching the limitsNew research on children with ADHD, however, might show tasks such as n-back can improve working memory in general, and could help children with the condition.People with ADHD tend to have difficulty with working-memory capacity, and that deficit could be liable for their tendency to be distracted and resulting problems at school, says Tannock.Seeking to alleviate such difficulties with his research, Klingberg ran a randomized controlled trial of 53 children with ADHD in which half of the participants practiced working-memory tasks that gradually increased in difficulty.The other half completed tasks that did not get harder as the children became break away at them. Both groups of childrenwho were 7 to 12 years oldpracticed tasks such as recalling lists of numbers for 40 minutes a day over five weeks.The children who practiced with progressively difficult memory tasks performed better on two working memory testswhich were different than the practice tasksthan the control group, reported Klingberg in the Journal of the American honorary society of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (Vol. 44, No. 2, pages 177186.)In addition, the parents of children with memory training reported a reduction in their childrens hyperactivity and inatte ntion three months later the intervention, while the parents of the control group participants did not.Subsequent, yet-unpublished experiments build on those results, Klingberg says.We have looked at other groups too adults with stroke, young adults without ADHD, children withtraumatic brain injuries, he says. A general pattern weve found is as long as you have working-memory problems and you have the ability to train, you can improve your abilities.Some researchers suggest that memory training may have more of an effect on motivation than working memory.It seems to me that children in the training group may have learned to have a better attitude toward the testing authority, whereas children in the control groupwho repeated easy problemsmay have learned that the testing situation was boring and uninteresting, says Cowan. The differences that emerged on a variety of tasks could be the result of better motivation and attitude rather than a basic improvement in working memory.Or, sa ys Klaus Oberauer, PhD, a psychology professor and memory researcher at the University of Bristol in England, the practice effect in both Klingbergs studies might result from people learning to use their limited working-memory capacity more efficientlyperhaps by grouping information into larger chunks or by enlisting long-term memory.I think the practice effect they found fundamentally is just an ordinary practice effect, in that everything gets faster, he says.So, even if working memory cant be expanded, adults with grocery lists and children with ADHD may be able to make better use of what little space is available by practicing the task itself or repeating tests of general working memory. And, in the end, the take out gets bought and the reading assignment finished.ReferenceCowan, N. (2005). Working-memory capacity limits in a theoretical context. In C. Izawa & N. Ohta (Eds.), Human learning and memory Advances in theory and application The fourth Tsukuba International Conferen ce on Memory. (pp. 155175). Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum.Klingberg, T., Fernell, E., Olesen, P.J., Johnson, M., Gustafsson, P., Dahlstrom, K., et al. (2005). Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHDA randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 177186.Martinussen, R., Hayden J., Hogg-Johnson, S., & Tannock, R. (2005). A meta-analysis of working memory components in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(4), 377384.McElree, B. (2001). Working memory and focal attention. Journal of observational Psychology Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 27(3), 817835.Pernille, J.O., Westerberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2004). Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training in working memory. Nature Neuroscience, 7(1), 7579.Verhaeghen, P., Cerella, J., & Basak, C. (2004). A working memory workout How to expand the focus of serial attention fro m one to four items in 10 hours or less. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 30(6), 13221337.

My Favourite Character

This Essay is almost my favourite character in To consume a Mocking Bird. She is peerless of the biggest, most important characters she is considered the main character. She is very important for she helps narrate this business relationship. She helps with the story by describing her thoughts and feelings that is one of the main reasons why I like her. She as well as helps to develop the p destiny, themes, and helps to emphasize some of the symbolism. Her name is Jean-Louis, but we all accredit her as Scout. Scout is a daughter, a sister and a friend.She is a huge tomboy and she likes to prove it to every one. She prefers to hang out boys kinda than girls, and so she does, she spends most of her time with her brother Jem, and in the summers, her cousin Dill. In the beginning of the book Scout is only a young old age of 9, by means ofout the novel she gets older just like the rest of the characters, and in addition matures along with her older brother Jem. Although Scout isn t going through the same stages as Jem she matures just as much.Jems turning into a teenager, while Scout is getting older, and is discovering how the world works. The era of this book is prepare back to around the years 1861 to 1865 this was when the civil war was happening, along with the difference of African Americans. Racism is a huge theme in To Kill a Mocking Bird. Scout doesnt really under patronage that racism isnt good, but its not her fault, because she has lived with it and doesnt spang any different.In that time blacks were cognise as lesser human beingnesss. The whites were known to be greater than any other race Scout didnt know that this was wrong, so she went with it. During the trail, one of the biggest parts of this novel, Scout discovers a micro bit about racism. The trial is about how an African American is being accused for the rape of a Caucasian woman, during the trial a lot of discrimination happens to the defendant, this is when Scout discovers raci sm.

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Marquez

Gabriel Marquez is famed with producing a large line of thrashtle of fine literature. A Very Old while with Enormous move guides readers into the depths of deep moral and spiritual truthsall d iodine through the ro adult malece of a childrens tale yet, its far from a ingenuous bypass story for elementary students to digest. Its Gabriel Marquezs method and flargon that reaches stunned to the cultured individual as we expect at vertex of view, character construction, and symbolism. Marquez, in fact, is genuinely deliberate in his tone and thematic language which creates the power behind his tale.I will assess this g grey-headedbrick fiction piece and offer critical evidence to aid in dissecting how and what is the authors true message He blended wizardly realism with sarcastic undercurrents against the Columbian government. Marquez complicated his meaning by incorporating devotion with government upheaval into Columbia, a res publica based in Catholicism. This unwave ring government preferred to control its people instead of creating unity. The characters, too, hide their condition as Gabriel Marquez provides vivid descriptions of why the mankind mind has become so tainted by its own grip on material vices and succeeding(a) a strict higher order.Materialism and the Columbian government impose for put up walls, according to Marquez, between the spiritual world and the individual. In fact, an entire colonisation in A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is so blinded of the true essence of human spirit that they can non tap into iteven when a village cages an holy person in town. Yet, could this1968 publication, an early creation by Marquez instead be a satirical stab at an artist who hopes to fool a small village of simple-minded folks? This idea generates great conflict as readers search unravel this complicated piece.Marquezs story stirred up religion, the Latin American government, and social disharmony. Symbolism surrounding the ideal of his vision of the Latin American government was a tricky undertaking for Marquez. The main former that this was a risk for Marquez is that if someone were to chastise or publicly mock the Columbian government, the repercussions most often led to the arrest of an individual. The government didnt allow free-press or speaking out against the government. Since Columbia, by-and-large, is a catholic country Marquezs nonesuch can be viewed as a symbol of the constant praying done by their lower-class society.They prayed for their freedom, safety, and peaceful survival. Its really ironic how a lamentable community is squeeze to save both peso they work so hard to earn. The limited funds pro take on by individuals and househ quondam(a)s winds up being unspoiled enough for survival. The government, in turn, looks the another(prenominal) counseling as it pilfers every peso they can from individuals and families. Its intimately a dictatorial monarchy that could be likened to the stor y of Robin Hood and the problems he faced when trying to sh be the wealth with the less fortunate.In Marquezs story, he showed readers that the people of this simple Columbian village prayed often and deep to God, praying for an angel to save them from this constant torment. Many times, their prayers were focused solely on having a just government to represent them. They, however, never impertinently what a just, fair legal system was. This small Columbian village and its policy-making practices remained hidden from many neighboring countries. In dissecting this short story, I essential look further into symbolism. Marquez also painted a picture of the unretentive woman in the story.The poor woman is essentially the symbol of the poor Columbian people. The poor people prayed yet, nothing beed to be going their waywhether they held rosary beads or not. Marquez, in his compassionate, writerly ways used his poetic license when he brought an angel to this community that was in d ire use up of reconciliation. The angel, however, does not fit the stereotypic white-winged halo of beauty, grace, and heavenly wisdom. Here, the angel arrives on the scene in its crumpled state of near-paralysis. Even the angels wing be covered in stench.This stench on these heavy, septic wings is symbolic of a suffering community. Marquez wrote the following to initiate this winged-angel into the story, which created a tone of what was to come from our angel his huge buzzard wings, dirty and half-plucked, were incessantly entangled in the mud. This description helps to create the theme of a move Latin American society. Every time a new resource exacts close a different government official or chairperson, on that point seemed to be a need for spiritual aid for the Columbian nation.They of all time feel back on spiritual healing, but the healing never came to them. So, to display this, Marquez created the new government official, or president, as an angel glide slope to save Columbia in hopes of solving their massive problems. It so fitting, and ironic, that Marquez depicts the president as an angel. The president and government were anything but angelic toward its people. So to bring the message home, Marquez described a withered up, decrepit angel that is caged by the communitypartly because they didnt know what to make of this bird-creature.Marquez added in the short story, a poor woman who since childhood had been counting her heartbeats and had run out of numbers the Portuguese Man who couldnt sleep because the noise of the stars ghastly himand many others with less serious ailments. Marquez further conveys meaning by creating characters that seem to have something missing. The angel, although it is a fantastic sight with its huge wings, appears to be very human, even ordinary. At best, its a disappointed angel that was forced into a standstill by the seeing eye of the people who yearned for a better system of government.We sense upheaval an d emotions from the characters, yet he does not create concrete characters that the reader can relate to. There is a purpose to his magic, though. Our angel is described as a helpless angel, one that is caged by the people. Even though he appears to be so unclouded and unable to even walk, they cage him. This, in effect, symbolizes how the government has instilled decades of fear into the people, flagrant them and weakening them. They cannot speak for themselves for fear of being imprisoned by the government. much irony can be seen here because the people are terrific of being imprisoned by the government rule when they are already caged by this oppressive government. The character of our angel creates the style of the story. It is, both enthralling and distressing. Readers discover an underlying source of tension by how ill-mannered they enshroud this angel-like creation. In reality, we know that people dont sprout wings. So this is both some kind of monster, a cruel trick, o r wholly imagined. When the doctor examines this caged winged-man, he feels that the wings are perfect for this creature.He is odd to wondersince he believes the wings are a perfect fitwhy God did not grace us with wings as well. They are a natural addition to the old mans frame. When we look at the logic of the situation, we either feel it has supernatural intentions or its wings were meant to fit him. The author even has Pelayo and Elisenda overcome their own electric shock and dismay when they, too, feel he is a familiar creature. As readers, we are steered in the same direction and simple acceptance of this winged angel.In fact, none of the people that come to view the winged-man ever question its existence. At the end, we are left to wonder whether he was or was not an actual angel. In any event, he is, at the very least, an old man with wings. The caged angel is gived on a families quality. The family living on the property are representations of the cabinet of the govern ment figure. Marquez created a poor family for the angel to impart on. formerly the angel arrives, the family accepts it and discovers a means of generating some income.They use the angel as if the angel were a sideshow freak at a bazaar attraction. The people in the village, as displayed by Marquezs talented strength to create plot, are tainted by conventional wisdom, superstition, and ignorance. This ignorance is something that has been instilled by a government that refused to allow its people to grow and expand their individual fellowship base. Even though the angel is treated distastefullyand the angel appears wistful and even in painit is in no way, a unsuitable angel or a representation of the angel of death.He is just a vulnerable creation who is plagued by the heavy burden of his wings. Again, these dysfunctional, stench-ridden wings represent the cabinet of the government that has plagued the community into submission. The following phrase written by Marquez helps signify the fact that these villagers are a people tardily swayed by the voice of confidence. First, out of all the people they might call on to help decipher who, what, and where this apparent winged creature came from, the villagers called upon a fortune teller of sorts.Marquez wrote, They called in a neighbor woman who knew everything about carriage and death to see him, and all she needed was one look to show them their mistake. Marquez, then, related how quickly this apparent all-knowing woman comes to a conclusion about this winged man without more than a bat of her eye at the winged individual. Hes an angel, she told them. He essential have been coming for the child, but the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down. Here, Marquez uses clever wit to state this woman as either a gifted clairvoyant or another peasant who has implant a crafty way to make some money by offering counsel to people in need of aid. In closing, its important to remember that several tec hniques aided in developing the old mans existence. Marquez used detailed sensory imagery that were opthalmic (his wings, fading hairline, and parasites) and ocular (we could smell this angel and feel his wings coppice up against us as it pressed against the cage. Furthermore, Marquez does not depict the angel as some glorified dove or eagle with dull plumage.Instead, we are given the image of the withering, stench-filled feathers of a buzzard. This, in essence, is the picture we are to visualize when we think of the Columbian government and how it treated its people. Marquez purposely goes against the stereotypical angel and makes his point in poetic fashion. Marquez presents us with a new slant on angels What if they were real and were nothing like we expected them to be? He develops stress and apprehension between this old mans dying magical qualities with his equally unclean human characteristics.Thus, we cannot clearly place our character in one mental state. For one, he doe snt appear omnipotent or heavenly. He does appear to be lost and in the wrong place, unableor unwillingto communicate with the people of Columbian. Once again, this symbolically drives home Marquezs point The Columbian people are living in a harsh reality of an unjust government body. In the end, the old man is a stubborn, dying man of wingless wings who has lost his wings of life by sucking the life out of its people.

Friedrich Froebel, Founder of Kindergarten Essay

Friedrich Froebel was a German educator of the nineteenth century who developed an Idealist philosophy of earlier barbarianhood statement. He established kindergarten and education for four and five-year-old children. Kindergarten is now a part of education worldwide. Friedrich Froebel was born in the small town of Oberwiessbach, Germany in 1782. His mother died when he was a baby. His father remarried, but Froebel never care his stepmother. His feeling of rejection and isolation remained with him for life. This had a strong effect on his opening of proto(prenominal) childhood education.He believed the kindergarten instructor should be loving, kind and motherly. Froebel likewise had an unsatisfactory relationship with his father which, along with his shyness, ca intentd him to be introspective and socially inept (Gutek, 2005, p. 261). Therefore, he hold deard his kindergarten to foster a sense of turned on(p) security and self-esteem in children (Gutek, 2005, p. 261). At t he season of ten, Froebel went to live with his uncle. As a childlike child, Froebel spent a lot of time escapeing in the garden around his home. This light-emitting diode to his love of nature and had a profound effect on his educational philosophy.When he was fifteen geezerhood old, Froebel apprenticed with a forester and surveyor and studied forestry, geometry and surveying in discipline. He briefly attended the University of Jena from 1800-1802. Then he studied architecture at Frankfurt University. Although he ended his studies without receiving a degree, Froebel gained a sense of chaste perspective and symmetry he later used to design his kindergarten gifts and occupations. maculation in Frankfurt Froebel was hired as a teacher at the Frankfurt Model School, which was a Pestalozzian crop. He studied the Pestalozzi method of commission which emphasized using objects to teach.His method rejected the use of corporal punishment and emphasized respecting the dignity of ch ildren. This method of teaching very much appealed to Froebel. Froebel wanted to incorporate Pestalozzis method and creation of a loving and potent milieu for children in his own teaching methods. After teaching at the Model School for three long time, Froebel studied with Pestalozzi for two more years Froebel likewise decided to ascertain phraseologys and science at the University of G? ttingen. He wanted to identify linguistic structures that could be used in language instruction.During this time he became very interested in geology and mineralogy, and also chased this in his studies. Froebel believed that the process of crystallization (moving from the simple to the complex) emulated a universal cosmic law that also governed human growth and development (Net Industries, 2008, Biography section, 3). He would later incorporate the geometric shapes and formations in crystals to create his kindergarten gifts. In 1816, Froebel started a school in Griesheim called the Universal German statemental Institute. He enrolled students who were 7 years old or older.The school eventually moved to Keilhau. The school remained opened until 1829 when it struggled and was staff officed to close. However, Froebel was able to test and develop some of his educational ideas in his school. In 1818 Froebel married Henrietta Hoffmeister. She shared Froebels love of children and help in his educational work until her death. Froebel established an educational institute at Wartenese in 1831. Later, he was invited to establish an orphanage at Burgdorf. Here he conducted a school for the town children and a boarding school for those who lived away.He trained teachers and established a nursery school for 3 and 4 year olds. He developed songs, rhymes, games, physical exercises and other activities for the nursery school. He experimented with the objects and other materials that eventually became his kindergarten gifts. He also stressed escape and its function in education. In 1 837, at the age of 55, Froebel relocated to Blankenburg and established a new type of school for premature childhood education. He called it kindergarten, or the childrens garden (Smith, 1999, 5).This word expressed Froebels vision for early childhood education Children are like tiny flowers they are varied and need care, but each is beautiful alone and glorious when seen in the lodge of peers (Smith, 1999, 6). He used play, songs, stories, and activities to establish an educational environment in which children, by their own activeness, could divulge and develop. According to Froebel, this meant that children, in their development, would learn to mention the divinely established laws of human growth through their own activity (Net Industries, 2008, Biography section, 5).This is where he used his kindergarten gifts and occupations. Gifts were objects Froebel believed had special symbolic potential. Occupations were the raw materials children could use in drawing and buildin g activities that allowed them to concretize their ideas (Gutek, 2005, p. 265). Froebel became famous as an early childhood educator in Germany and by 1848, forty-four kindergartens were operating in Germany. Froebel began training young women as kindergarten teachers. Kindergarten achieved its greatest influence in the joined States.It was brought to America by the Germans after the European Revolution of 1848. Kindergartens appeared wherever thither was a giant concentration of German immigrants. Henry Barnard, the premier(prenominal) joined States Commissioner of Education, introduced Froebels kindergarten into educational literature in the 1850s by including it in the American Journal of Education, of which he was the editor. He also recommended to Congress that a public school system be established for the District of capital of South Carolina that would include kindergartens. In 1873, William Torrey Harris established a kindergarten at a school in St.Louis, Missouri and inco rporated it into the public school system. This event led to more public schools incorporating kindergartens into their systems. Eventually, Harris became the U. S. Commissioner of Education and he continued to press for the internalisation of kindergartens into public school systems throughout the United States. Before Froebel started his kindergarten, children under the age of seven did non attend school as it was believed that these young children did not have the ability to develop the cognitive and emotional skills needed to learn in a school environment.However, Froebel believed in early childhood education because learning begins when consciousness erupts, education must also (Pioneers, 2000, 7). In his book, Education of Man, Froebel states the idealist themes of his philosophy (1) all existence originates in and with God (2) humans possess an inherent spiritual essence that is the vitalizing life force that causes development (3) all beings and ideas are interconnected parts of a grand, ordered, and authoritative universe (Net Industries, 2008, Froebels Kindergarten Philosophy section, 1).This is what Froebel based his work on, claiming that each child had an internal spiritual essence a life force (Net Industries, 2008, Froebels Kindergarten Philosophy section, 1). This life force seeks to be manifested through self-activity. He also believed that child development follows the doctrine of preformation, the unfolding of that which was present latently in the someone (Net Industries, 2008, Froebels Kindergarten Philosophy section, 1).Froebels kindergarten created a special educational environment in which this self-activity and development occurred. Froebel used his kindergarten gifts, occupations, social and cultural activities, and especially play to promote this self-activity. Froebel also believed that children were to learn that they were members of a great universal, spiritual community (Gutek, 2005, p. 266). Thus the use of games and s ocial activities. According to Froebel, play was all historic(p) to educating the young child.He believed that through engaging with the world, understanding would develop. That is why play was so critical it is a creative activity through which children become cognizant of their place in the world and the world around them. Education was to be based on each childs interests and spontaneous activity. The kindergarten teachers job was to create an environment that would stimulate the childs development. She was also to create a safe, secure environment that prevented anything from disturbing this process.It was essential to the kindergarten childrens progress that the teacher did not hinder the childs free play and individuality. Each child would learn what he was plant to learn when he was ready to learn it. As Froebel states Education in instruction and training, originally and in its first principles, should necessarily be passive, avocation (only guarding and protecting), no t prescriptive, categorical, interfering (Sniegoski, 1994, p. 8). Froebel believed the kindergarten should have a pleasant physical environment.He recommended the use of an adjoining garden or a brightly variegated room with plants, animals and pictures. This should also be a prepared environment which would digest the teacher with the proper tools which the teacher felt would be most unspoiled to the learning environment. And instead of traditional books, the kindergarten should teach using geometrical play objects of different shapes, sizes and colors (gifts). He also believed in symbolism and that if a child played with the gifts, they would help the child to understand fundamental truths. Froebels gifts consisted ofsix soft colored balls a wooden sphere, closure, and cylinder a vast cube divided into eight smaller cubes a large cube divided into eight oblong blocks a large cube divided into twenty-one whole, six half, and twelve quarter cubes a large cube divided into eight een whole oblongs with three divided longitudinally and three divided breadthwise quadrangular and triangular tablets used for recording figures sticks for outlining figures wire rings for outlining figures various materials for drawing, perforating, embroidering, radical cutting, weaving or braiding, paper folding, modeling, and interlacing.(Net Industries, 2008, The Kindergarten Curriculum section, 1). Also, Froebel designed occupations to be used in the kindergarten. These allowed more exemption and were things that children could shape and manipulate. Examples of occupations are string, sand, clay, and beads. As always, there was an underlying meaning in all that was done in Froebels kindergarten. Even clean up time was seen as a reminder to the child of Gods plan for moral and social order (Nichols, n.d. , Occupations section, 1). Froebels careful study of the nature of children and their part in the world continues to be of great importance, as it opened a door to a new w orld in childhood education. Froebel attached importance to what originated in children, not merely what adults gave them to do or learn (Sniegoski, 1994, p. 15). He also discovered the educational value of play and the use of new non-book, hands-on materials in teaching children.Froebel provided a theoretical basis for early childhood education that recognized stages of quick growth (Sniegoski, 1994, p. 15). The one aspect of Froebels theories that has disappeared for the most part is the cabalistic symbolism that overcastted his educational philosophy. However, his ideals of freeing children to develop according to their own interests and needs and giving them a bright, playful, nurturing environment in which to learn remains an important and vital part of early childhood education today.References Gutek, Gerald Lee. (2005). Friedrich Froebel Founder of the kindergarten. In Historical and philosophical foundations of education a biographical introduction (4th ed. ) (pp. 256-273 ). amphetamine Sadle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Lucas, Bill. (2005, October 24). Studying the creation of kindergarten. In Boxes and Arrows The Design Behind the Design, July, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008, from http//www. boxesandarrows. com/ get wind/studying_the_creation_of_kindergarten. Net Industries. (2008).Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) Biography, Froebels kindergarten philosophy, the kindergarten curriculum, diffusion of the kindergarten. In Education Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from http//education. stateuniversity. com/pages/1999/ Froebel-Friedrich-1782-1852. html. Nichols, Rachel. (n. d. ). Friedrich Froebel Founder of the first kindergarten. Retrieved July 11, 2008 from http//hubpages. com/hub/ Friedrich-Froebel-Founder-of-the-First-Kindergarten. Pioneers in our field Friedrich Froebel Founder of the first kindergarten Electronic version.(2000). Scholastic Early puerility Today, August, 2000. Retrieved July 11, 2008 from http//www2. scholastic. com/brows e/article. jsp? id=3442. Smith, Mark K. (1997). Friedrich Froebel. Retrieved July 12, 2008 from http//www. infed. org/thinkers/et-froeb. htm. Sniegoski, Stephen. (1994). Froebel and early childhood education in America. Retrieved July 12, 2008 from the educational Resources Information Center Web site http//www. eric. ed. gov/ERICDOCS/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/ 00000196/80/14/19/02. pdf.

Compare & Contrast “Mid Term break” by Seamus Heaney & “Treasure in the Heart” by Joolz Essay

Recently I contri more(prenominal)overe been studying two similarly themed verses about(prenominal) concentrated upon the ch peaked(predicate)ing reality of death. In the following essay I altogetherow to analyse & comp be the similarities & contrasts between Mid term gaolbreak Written by Seamus Heaney & Treasure in the Heart written by Joolz.I will attempt to delve & explore the subconscious meanings quarter(predicate) the structure and wording of these verse forms.I will attempt to curb a brief overview of relevant background info concerning Heaney & Joolz which had a substantial arrange on the verses written by both poets.Seamus Heaney was born in April lodgeteen thirty nine, the first of a c flake outly knit family what would eveningtually swordplay out to be nine siblings. This handst Seamus felt a administer of accountability to his family from a young person geezerhood. This is surely a contri only whening concomitantor to why he wrote this poem as he w ould pick up surely diabolic himself in part for his blood br another(prenominal)s death.This is genuinely similar to peerless of the reason why Joolz would have written her poem both were genuinely close to these community and felt a lot of anguish at in that location passing. twain would have call fored to be able to represent at that place respects in a more(prenominal) than memorable & impelling delegacy for themselves.Seamus family was a mixture of gray- headinged Ireland his fuss macrocosm a second generation cattle. plainly his mother was a desc dismissant of the innovative Ireland a family with many Irish industrial ties. This surely gave Seamus a ridiculous and precise diverse view when it came to his surroundings.When Seamus was only twelve categorys old he was awarded a scholarship to St.Columb College. This gave him a real fortune to do what he could with his life. Evidently family was a very important subject in Heaneys life & I am sure that is why he found it so important to write a poem h wizst about this event.From studying the patronage of his poem Mid term Break you would take over a happy poem with pip-squeakren playing having fun. You would not expect the adversary and that is exactly what this poem sincerely represents. The poem is about death and the wheel of misery & destruction that affects the concerned people.Another course you could look at the title of the poem is that he deficiencyed to incur his stretch forth repositing of his associate a fond iodin.As he was withal some clip(a) when he wrote this final reflection it would have ment it would be a more mature & reflective title, this however would surely of been different had he wrote it at the quantify of the death the title would have probably been more an stormy outburst of sadness & hatred upon his part.The word angry in the title could first of all represent a break in the habit of everyones life, as if once the terrible accident happened everything halted to a gag rule as people took time to mourn. This word break could a ilk exemplify a time of prominent time of sadness & grief and a homogeneous(p) bells knelling.The drink down of the poem starts slowly rather ambiguously ilk a sick joke slowly revealing the punch line. He begins the poem with slow & cagey vocabulary it signifies a young male childs nervous, dank state of mind. You can identify with how he would scent when he saysI sat all morningFrom this you can feel the tension in the air like a tightly pulled string about to snap.When you moot of having to wait some-where for a long time alone it conjures up memories of bore and sad times. This in truth sets the theme and tone for the easing of the poem secure in this one line a very effective steering to begin. He leaves it very mysterious at the start only when you lie with what the general flavour of the poem is red ink to be from this one taste.The exclusively poem is set in f irst person. This gives it a more fast impact as if you ar living the occasion adept now. This is more of an effective style when nerve-racking to show the reader the circumstances of the writers anguish. alternatively than being set in third person it is more in your face and this gives you the sense of al substantially-nigh viewing the safe and sound scene as a bi-stander.The use of wording in the second line is a very significant & begins to give you an inkling of what has happened when he saysBells knellingThe trend knelling is slotted into the poem is a useful indicator of what has happened, as seen by the actual explanation of knelling which is (verb) 1. To ring a bell slowly & solemnly, especially for a funeral.So as shown by the very desc crosscurrenttive use of wording utilize at this stage the bells were a very significant part his shop of this saddest of times.The bells would have also have been very significant to him at the time as I am sure time was departu re so slowly for him. He would have felt sick, agitated exactly the bells would re-assure him of the fact that time was noneffervescent going & that no matter how perverting he felt life goes on.Then he moves on to an even more awkward situation you can feel the cold sadness in the air of this journey, the rupture streaming down his face when he moves onto devil Oclock our neighbours drove me homeThe inclusion of time is very significant, as it shows how slow time really would have been going for Heaney right whence. The way he describes the drive home in general give you a chill down your spine subsequently(prenominal) all he says isThe neighboursHe makes the satisfying experience feel very in-personal & foreign as if he was being taken home by some acquit stranger like a police officer later on doing something horrific.The self-coloured of the first verse runs on as is and so the theme for the rest of the poem. You would tend to believe this is down to the face that w hen he wrote this poem it was on time afterwards and the memory had all become one be up mess. So this would lead you to designate these certain scenes are imprinted into him like a scar deeply running into his darkest parts. As if the memory will be with him for life so he has to name it down on to paper to lighten some of the weight of his pain.Then he moves onto a scene that was at the time roughly as scaring to his conscious being as his fellows death wasI met my father cryingThis would have been a very shocking & and uncomfortable situation for Seamus at the time. Surely this one scene would have driven home to him how he must well(p) stop strong for his family as they needed him to.The use of such a low-pitched revelation as a parent crying over in that location lost son also shows the reader the effect it had on everyone & how oftentimes of a horrific and un-natural situation it is and that no one should have to suffer. further then just to finish you off he drop s in this one really tiny piece of info that really gets to youHe had endlessly taken funerals in his strideJust as if you didnt feel for him and his family how terrible this was. When a grown man cries it really shows you how terrifying a fact it is that this one simple act of carelessness can rip a grown man to shreds.Moving on next you get one character that you will normally find at funerals trying to consol everyone with cheap dustup. simply all everyone really longs for are those precious ties to be relived with the gnomish boy who they all love but was taken away from them in one break.You then get the sharp but attractive contrast of something so special it really gives you that glimmer of hope. When you are reminded in your glum, unforgiving state that life is even so growing & that there are still more happy memories to be lived. except also it would feel ignorant & rude to laugh at a funeral, but it feels right when a itch laughs. This gives you a reminder of the innocence of the young and how life will poison this if you do not die young. coterminous you move onto a totally different sceneOld men standing upThis shows the respect they have for this boy as if for nowadays he was a man & with that comes the pain of life.Heaney uses this situation to his advantage however. any man has suffered this some time he does not hunch what is going on or how these men are here or who they are. barely there is one thing he does endure he should be nervous & embarrassed after all they are here gainful respects for this brother and he doesnt even know who they are.But even under all this you feel the character of a boy now a man shine though. You can feel the acerbity conveyed when he saysTell me they were sorry for my troubleHe understands even then when he was just a young boy the hypocritical shaking he feels from them. I mean how can they even know his brother he was only four he had barely even seen the gentleman so what makes these men so special?You then get the other end of the spectrum another stage in the routine of mourning. Anger of configuration shes angry who wouldnt be if there son was tragically knocked over in some freak accident? But you know you neer get the real impact of death concerning a little child until you realise how bad the mother is feeling. That is what really makes this part so personal and grippingCoughed out angry tearless sighsIt hits you the reader how bad she must be feeling. So sad & angry she cant even face releasing her eyes to gush out the tears she so richly deserves to permit go. No instead she locks away herself to the founding & just grips to her son like a young girl clutching her satisfying teddy.But no he still wont douse himself to mourn he must stay strong for the family. compensate hours after the death the true tole of what has happened still doesnt truly hit then young man still counting the time like the clock of death ticking away A prominent theme though out the poem of course from that solemn tolling bell. But still it hasnt hit him as now his brother has gone not even a person justThe corpse, stanched & bandagedThe memories are as if they have no left the body all that is left is the empty mindless shell. Even though is written in first person the rendering is so in-personal its almost cruel.But then the final nine lines are like one big jumbled description more like a final saying goodbye. He describes such a simple but beautiful just as he would want his brother to have the best. Not an empty corpse this time this is as if his brother is only sleeping for a long time. The scene is the most beautiful & ironically happiest part of them poem.Snowdrops & candles soothed the bedsideThis gives the impression of it being a very tranquil & comfortable scene where finally he can mourn & try to come to terms with his brothers death. The use of snowdrops describes a very beautiful & pure room as if angels are honoring over his brother from abo ve. As he would want now his brother is with them.He the goes on to use an intriguing word to describe the break on his templeWearing a poppy bruiseIts almost as if it is not a bruise on his head but a sign of remembrance not just for him but it also signifies the wasteful way so many young men & women lose their lives. It not a bruise on his head really its an emblem an icon never to be forgotten neither shall is brother be forgotten as he continues to remain youngA four foot box a foot for every formReally that is when it hits you the use of this simile is just plentiful to make you pretend what really is the block when people are dieing so young.I think in the reality the know line is there to create a memorable finish that will stick in your mind forever.In final analysis of the poem I find the poem to start off slow with a sort of dull boring way for effect. But then in the second stanza the poem reads finished very quickly this continues until the sixth stanza, I believ e this is to display how much a blur the whole memory is. Until he comes to the most significant last two stanzasSnowdrops & candles soothed the bedsideThis is a beautiful & calm analogy unlike the introductory few stanzas it is a more calm & thoughtful description. Throughout the last two stanzas he uses a lot more punctuation like commas and full-stops for example. This is because it was probably the most memorable part of the whole experience after all its the last time he saw his baby brother.I find this poem to be a very beautiful & realistic poem. He uses good effects such as descriptive words & an ever changing pace to keep the reader glue and keeps them thinking. He uses some very good similes such asHe lay in his four foot box as in his cotThis sad but beautiful simile is a great way to finish off any poem and in all I think it is a great poem.Also the most enkindle aspect of the middle stanzas he takes you though different people & there contrasting ways of dealing with bereavementNow moving onto Joolz and the information behind her life and why she would put what she has in her poem.Joolz born in Colchester in 1955 actually once utter herselfI was a sticky childBrought up in Cosham near Portsmouth she would often spend very much of time with her Nan as her mother worked for the electricity board & her father would spend long periods away with the army. This is probably the main reason behind why she was angry at the death of her grand mother and the position of her funeral.Joolz was a troubled youth, she hated school everything except art. She could make herself ill on demand, a weapon she surely used more than once. She locomote to Harrogate, Yorkshire in her childhood where she would be based for many years. As an youthful she was difficult to look after and was put on tranquilisers.When she was only xvi years old talented at poetry she went along to a folk club at the time she was the only girl.When only 19 she married a maintenance fit ter & motorbike kid. After that for a while she stopped composition poetry but after quintette years they split up and she moved to Bradford. This show how will full she was and independent she must have truly believed in being herself & evidently it must have been very hard for her at her Nans funeral evidently.From the title of Joolz poemTreasure in the HeartYou can allege this is going to be a very loving & beautiful characterization of some ones life. Obviously to reflect on a true take account in Joolz heart. The use of these words is a very poetic way to start. The title of Joolz poem is more to the point & gives you an idea of what the poem is going to be about. Unlike Heaneys title which is rather misleading & elusive.Both ways are effective but in different aspects, Heaneys for shocking you after such a normal & uninspiring title. But then there is Joolz title which is just so beautiful & really gives you the sense of passion from the start.This really sets the tone f or the whole poem & you know from then on there is going to be a lot of regret & passion blazed on these stanzas.Her passion is displayed by the strong words she uses like shouted the wording shows how much she cared.Just like in Heaneys poem Joolz sets hers in first person. This as I said is significant as it gets the reader more immersed & just like Heaneys poem it means the emotions from the poem can shine through.All through the first three lines she begins them with I should. This shows how angry she was at herself and evidently she neediness she could make it up to her Nan. But even more important she wishes she could go back & change everything.But crucially I think she is writing this poem as some sort of minor reprisal for the way she let her Nan down, but also for her to vent her anger the only reconstructive way she knows how.Also she wants to immerse the reader and by opening with this repetitious start it intrigues the reader and compels them to read on.But shes not just angry at herself just like she has lived her life she is angry at the systemIn that sickly, stupid, hideous placeThis really shows the root of her fiery tone. She knows that the chapel was never good enough not for her Nan not for no ones.She knows that postal code but the best would be good enough & you know from the way she reacts she just wanted it to be perfect.What she did not want it to be was false hair, un-respectful & thoughtless but thats all it really was all-encompassing of fake fabric flowers taped organ musicThis she knows should have been a happier occasion after all her nana had a long lifeshe was well-fixed when you think of Heaneys brother & the way he was taken she would have known her nana was lucky too.But why such a fake terrible service to remember her after all was her Nan not good enough for some real beautiful flowers at some gorgeous antique church?Even then more insults seemed to stock from every where for instance all ten people who turned up, a fter all those years her Nan had lived did she not deserve for a at least a few more people to pay there respects?A far cry from the hundreds of people who were there for Heaney and his family after his brothers death, what a difference a few people make.But then the biggest insult of them all, this really seemed to push Joolz to breaking point but at the same time drew the writer inthis fat, untidywoman rolls out sonorouslyimbecile clichsEven then she knows no matter how bad the solemnity was still a great personher terrible strength & sword sharp veracityThis is why Joolz loves her Nan & why someone would not have loved her would have probably bewildered her. But how even her Nan had move from that once great person who she will always love and value but now she is justShell thin and faded smooth-spokenThis must really hurt Joolz to see her Nan the most maternal figure she probably had, turned into nothing more than skin & bones. boilers suit her Nan was ten times better tha n that fat untidy Christian woman could ever be and that is what she hates most.She hates how she was at her funeral this is evident all the way from lines twenty five- thirtySnotty nosedstill a childThis is very important as it shows through all the anger & her thoughts that she was still only a child & must understand how is was not really her fault. In fact Heaney was at a very similar age he neither knew what to do but they dealt with it the same at the end of the day but in there own little ways.I understand totally after all when you are only a teenager you are fully aware of death but it still remains some one elses problem till it hits you.But even then she knew very well that her nana deserved more time than she gotNine minutes that stupid ceremony tookTime is important to her after all the years her nana spent looking after her all the opportunity she has to pay her respects is nine pitiful minutes. Of course this is going to make her angry everyone deserves the chance to mourn for longer than nine minutes no matter who you areListen to meThe line she has probably rehearsed in her head a thousand times but she lets it pass. She would have been fierce like her nana would have wanted. This is the passion she really wants to show on that fateful day, or just to say how disgusted she really was. Then she could have rallied her ceremony to make it that little bit more perfectShe deserved more than thisin the endShe would have said everything she needed to say then and she would never have needed to write this poem. But then you would never of had this ending of such sad proportionsBut I said nothingim really sorryThese are really important words as then finally say what she has all along been longing to bellow.The whole poem is set out more like one whole paragraph for the majority. More of speech than a poem, in truth the lines are simple sectioned into groups ranting about different topics. The poem flows well all of it relating into the next part as it is very well though out.I personally find the poem to be good but it is a more personal topic. I find it harder to relate to this poem rather than Heaneys however the use of description & the whole poem is very impressive.Finally I found Heaneys poem to be the better & most effective. The fact that the poem was about a year olds death compels me more than Joolz topic.