Applications of Seed Therapy and Su Jok Therapy

Applications of root Therapy and Su Jok Therapy sow in Therapy deals with the application of authors or other parts of plants and attaching it with a tape at a gibe head in the contact or foot of a someone feeling botheration. shed Therapy is based on Sujok Therapy, when broken down, means Su = handand Jok = foot. These Korean words rely solely on a therapy that makes engross of the hands and feet as disciplines of overcompensatement for the whole body (see Figure 1). prof Park Jae Woowas a Korean scientist and philosopher who originated and developed this therapy (Richmond, cc6). He urbanize anassortment of successful systems of give-and-take which have expanded all everywhere the world, including physicians,practitioners and ordinary people alike. Su Jok therapy is indeed an instantaneous and effective healing therapy requiring no medication and is entirely safe without any accompanying side make (Richmond, 2006).Among countless illnesses, Su Jok helps in curing man y unsoundnesss such asArthritis, bronchitis, asthma, clog upache, unions pain, migraine, hypertension, sinusitis, deafness, constipation, acidity, obesity, diabetes, catamenial problems, and many more chronic diseases related to different organs of our body (Woo, 2009). Su Jok therapy cures and prevents diseases at a physical, mental, and emotional level exploitation hands and feet as treatment atomic number 18as. This therapy is regarded as a healing system whereby simple stimulant drug to the specific corresponding points on the hands and feet, most popularly use is the Su Jok probe, would be applied on and around this ara in post to seek the most painful spots sustain by the client. meliorate is reported in 94% of five hundred and thirty subjects accord to Woo (2009).Seed Therapy is considered harmonious to Su Jok Therapy and utilizes the zip of specific sources. Since seeds be regarded as natural stimulators, they are able to cause the body part to respond. The de sign of this paper is to discuss and review the effects of Seed Therapy in relieving pain and alleviating illnesses.Seed Therapy is one of the all-important(a) natural stimulator therapies. This precise acupressure phenomenon is the tenability why Seed Therapy is regarded as a major treatment pertaining to Su Jok Therapy. commit acupressure treatment, patients are encouraged to tie or adhere seeds using adhesive plaster on the painful points. The pulsations of the seeds deliver further energy to accelerate the progression of expedited healing when in direct contact to the case-hardened point. Seed therapy is effective against chronic diseases and certain pains especially joint pains. The seeds could be either put singly over the effected area or whitethorn cover the entire painful section (Devitt, 2009).Seeds and Their effectWhen implementing Seed Therapy, any seed may be utilise separately seed brings its proper cure effect (see Table 1). The most important detailor for tr eatment is the shape of the seeds or beans world used. The shape of the seed is the indicator to which body part the seed will do best advantage (Umbra, 2007). For example cranberry, cowberry and lentil seeds notch support to cough, cold, and flu. Moreover, bus and spherical shaped seeds of pea, cherry, and black pepper are known to offer relief to disorders related to eyeball, looks, the head, knee joints, and back problems. Kidney-shaped red beans are used to treat kidney and stomach related disorders. The elongated forms of seeds are used to resolve problems in the limbs, lips, nose and intestines. The walnut seed is enforced as a cure to cerebral disorders, art object peach shaped seeds of millet are used to treat urinary tract and gall bladder problems (Umbra, 2007). gullible pea seeds are used to treat various heart conditions, whereas cumin and pumpkin seeds help alleviate gastric irritation and constipation. Also grape vine seeds are effective in cases of diabetes a nd pancreatic problems, as well as flaccidity in the urinary bladder muscles. Arrow wood seeds are novel seeds that are being widely used for the relief of hypertension. sift is used to relief swelling, redness, bronchial problems and loss of sensation in fingers and toes. Flax seeds support in eliminating toxic body fluids that assist in inflammatory diseases while buckwheat seeds treat pain and chronic inflammation in the shoulder, tooth, head, throat, eyes and tonsils (Umbra, 2007).Table 1. This table briefly displays the types of seeds used depending on the symptom or area of complaint.Cranberry, Cowberry, LentilCough, Cold, FluPea, Cherry, Black PepperEyes, Breast, Head, Knees, BackKidney beansKidneys, holdElongated shapedLimbs, Lips, Nose, IntestinesWalnutCerebral disordersMilletUrinary tract, Gall bladderGreen peaHeart conditionsCumin, PumpkinGastric irritation, Constipation grape SeedDiabetes, Pancreatic problems, Urinary bladder musclesArrow wood high blood pressureRiceS welling, Redness, Bronchial problems, Loss of sensation fingers/toesFlaxEliminating toxic fluidsBuckwheat degenerative inflammation, Throat, Tooth, Shoulder, Head, eyes, TonsilsTreating Special Populations Children/EldersAuricular -relating to the ear and hearing- Seed Therapy is overly referred to as the seed-pressure method acting (Steinflow, 2010). It corresponds to applying a hard and smooth seed, herb, or a magnetic injection on a tape to a detected auricular point and pressing it properly so as to stimulate the point to treat diseases. Auricular seed therapy, a popular therapy for the past 40 years, came into being on the basis of Su Jok Seed Therapy. Through clinical practice it has been confirmed that auricular seed therapy may also be indicated for many diseases and attain significant therapeutic effects (Steinflow, 2010). This method, due to its simple application, constant stimulation, and guard duty is regarded more suitable for the elders the weak, children and thos e who are very afraid of pain, or cannot win treatment every twenty-four hours (Steinflow, 2010).Treatment of AllergiesThe main points for the treatment of allergy include allergic area, endocrine, adrenal gland and ear apex bleeding. The Allergy sphere is the specific point for diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases (Steinflow, 2010). It is used to purify the immunological functions of the entire body. Allergic diseases result from the combination of Anaphylactogen and Anaphylactic antibody, which may disturb the familiar metabolism in cells and lead to dilation of capillaries, capillary tube hyper permeability, and spasms of the smooth muscles. The points in the endocrine and adrenal glands are used to accession the secretion of various hormones, such as adrenal-cortical hormone (ACTH). This prevents the release of histamine and inhibits the antigen-antibody reception in mucous membrane and skin. Prevention of antibody formation also reduces exudates from capillaries (Steinflow, 2010)Seed Therapy Uses in CancerOther benefits of seed therapy involve prostate gland genus Cancer (Vatkarma, 2008). One man in six will be diagnosed with prostate pubic louse during his life prison term, but only one man in 30 will die of this disease. While there are some(prenominal) treatment options, including surgery, many doctors choose prostate seed therapy because of its ability to treat cancer without affecting surrounding healthy wind, helping to minimize the guess of impotency or incontinence. Though the technique is somewhat new, preliminary data steer that 90 percent of patients treated with prostate seed therapy remain cancer free after five years (Vatkarma, 2008). Prostate seed implantation, also called interstitial ray of light and brachytherapy, involves a surgical procedure to implant up to 130 low- loony toons radioactive seeds into the prostate through 30 to 40 long, urbane needles. The procedure takes less than two hours and patients retur n home the same day, resuming normal activity in three to 14 days. The seeds continue delivering shaft of light for several weeks and remain in place permanently (Vatkarma, 2008).An alternative Seed Therapy next breast cancer surgery may reduce treatment time and concentrates radiation where it is most needed (Geraldini, 2010). The MammoSite Radiation Therapy System contributes brachytherapy to females who have receive a lumpectomy, or a neoplasm that is removed from the breast. Instead of the plebeian high energy radiation that enters from the surface of the breast inwards, brachytherapy acts from inwards out. later on a patient recovers from her breast cancer surgery, a radiation oncologist move a catheter through the skin until it reaches the cavity left by the tumor, normally about 2 or 3 centimeters wide. A balloon on the catheters tip inflates with liquid within the cavity, and a tiny bit of radioactive material is placed within the balloon. The patient then goes home ( Geraldini, 2010). quatern or five days later, patients return to the clinic, where the radiation oncology team removes the catheter and radiation root, ending the treatment. Because the radiation source is so tiny, there is no risk of radiation exposure to family members or friends at home during therapy. When the seed is placed in the MammoSite balloon, the seed emits X-rays in all directions-much like light emanates from the sun. The dose of radiation is most highly concentrated right at the beach of the tissue cavity, but declines further remote from the radioactive seed. Within tissue that lies one centimeter away from the edge of the tissue cavity, for example, the dose of radiation already has shrunk by half, and it keeps getting lower and lower the further away the tissue is from the site of the former tumor (Vatkarma, 2008)(Geraldini, 2010).Instead of the five-to-seven weeks worth of insouciant office visits required for out-of-door radiation treatments, patients recei ving MammoSite can complete radiation after only four or five days of therapy, devising it time efficient and cost effective. Due to the fact that the radiation source is placed at the site of the patients tumor, the rays reach the very tissues surrounding the tumor where cancer is most likely to return. With MammoSites, the source can enter the breast so quickly where minimal radiation is witnessed to the rest of the breast. The benefit with this fact is that radiation is focused mainly on the area most at risk, which is the local area around the tumor (Geraldini, 2010).Two recent studies followed 200 women for five years suggest that brachytherapy is as effective as external beam radiation in preventing breast cancer from coming back in women who have had a lumpectomy. This said, the effectiveness of Seed Therapy Su Jok Therapy in plaza is a beyond promising treatment for such an invasive disease as cancer. Patients will not only be cured, yet, will be able to live better, pro ductive lives without pain and suffering (Vatkarma, 2008).In conclusion, wrong treatments are overshadowed by the recognition and universal acceptance of Seed Therapy. In fact, various numbers of patients, whether cancer patients or arthritis sufferers, are turning towards Seed Therapy as an alternative for traditional medicine (Lachmi, 2007). In India, where there is an copiousness of Su Jok Therapists, physicians are estimated to see and treat a maximum of 300 patients per day most of whom have traveled long distances seeking a miracle as their last hope of treatment (Lachmi, 2007) There, the novel therapies of Sujok and Seeds are indeed the incoming of contemporary medicine that can be extremely promising in the treatment of minor to severe ailments afflicting a vast number of patients worldwide.ReferencesDevitt, T. (2009). Sujok seed therapy. Sujok Online. Retrieved March 29, 2011, from (http//www.sujokonline.com/sujokonline/).Geraldini, F. (2010). Engaging in sujok seed ther apy. Mediks Blog. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from (http//www.mediks-bg.com/su_jok_eng).Jae Woo, P. (2009). Su Jok Seed Therapy. unseasoned York Random House.Lachmi, C. F. (2007). Fundamentals of Seed Therapy. Journal of Omnuri Medicine, 55, 893-896.Najmana, A. (2008). Su Jok Therapy Seeds and Miracles. Journal of Indian Therapy, 113, 71-76.Pakra, G. M. (2006). The fountain of Seeds. New York Random House.Richmond, P. K. (2006). What Exactly is Su Jok Therapy?, England, Oxford University Press.Steinflow, D. (2010). If We All Just Believed in Seed Therapy. New York Roland Incorporated.Umbra, B. (2007). The real therapeutic seeds. Medi India Organization. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from (http//medi-india.org/umbra_b_seeds).Vatkarma, R. (2008). The Healing Powers of Su Jok. Journal of Indian Therapy, 113, 124-128.

Social Work Planning for Child Abandonement

brotherly Work Planning for Child Aband acementSince the earliest generation of humanity, the kind anaesthetise of kidhood renunciation, and further the cordial proviso for this line, has been a reality. The dilute, although a moderately common occurrence in cabaret, is a quite understudied trend. Addition anyy, nestlingren atomic progeny 18 a curiously vulnerable population who are often thought to be the property of their mentions. This position al integrity makes tykeren of less immensity in interrogation as they are thought to be under the business organization and way of their mother and/or father. On the contrary, however, nearly prevalently documented in breathing reports on minorren is the variations of abuse and neglect, hitherto though natural abandonment is just now as pertinent, if not more important. For example, Who speaks for Joshua? was a question raised by Supreme Court Justice Harry B lackmun in his discussion of the charter of three- course-old Joshua DeShaney who had been beaten by his parents until permanently disabled (Ashby, 1997). What people should be asking, except arent, is who speaks for the millions of orphans? Adults can speak for them, of course, but with varying interests and agendas and usually not at bottom the interest of the actual pip-squeakren (Ashby, 1997). on that point is a much stronger nidus on the physical, sexual, and emotional abuse of churlren than on their complete desertion.This job is of particular importance because the subprogram of shaverren looking for families in orphanages, cherish care, and on the streets is astonishing. It is as well as linking that the children who are orphans have no control all over their current situation, share, or fate. sociological research has shown family to be one of the or so important foundations of life it is the primary neighborly group an individual is a part of, and the impact of the family carcass on an individual is cruc ial and big. mixer workers should better acquaint themselves with the turn up of social plan for abandoned children to improve the current and future dress and policy in this area.IntroductionCurrently there is no one central source which monitors the number of children abandoned across America (Edwards, 2000). era the parental reasons for abandonment are wide ranging, the act of desertion to the highest degree often results in the child becoming a responsibility of the deposit, in a child public assistance agency, or can at prison hurt end in death. puerility abandonment does not have one clear all inclusive definition. The act of abandonment itself can be as harsh as leaving a child on a door step, in front of a hospital or church, or simply leaving them on the streets to fend for themselves. It could overly be seen as parents neglect of a child over an extended catamenia of time (Mason, 2009, p. 29). While the issue of childhood abandonment remains a vast job in it self, the social readiness for abandoned children is to a fault of immense concern. Children can no longer fend for themselves on the streets orphanages and foundling homes are not sufficient for the individuals attention and stimulation either (Burstein, 1981). Thus, the coin from the streets to bring up care, relative guardianships, or adoptive families is necessary, yet remains highly difficult for a physique of reasons to this day. There are many businesss and difficulties encountered within orphanages, foster care, and ultimately the betrothal of a pendant child that affect be addressed by current policy.HistoryThe social issue of childhood abandonment has been prevalent throughout history and is quite possibly the most extreme form of child neglect. There have been accounts in ancient Greece, from the Hebrews, from Europe and many other ancient civilizations (Burnstein, 1981). In the make History of Childhood (1974), author Lloyd Demause, concluded that love for chi ldren did not follow in ancient society he stated child abandonment was common among the short(p) until the fourth-century B.C. Perhaps one of the earliest documentations of child physical abandonment is with Moses, who was left by his mother in a inform effort to save his life (Burnstein, 1981, p. 214). Childhood abandonment can be seen in virtually every society. As early as the settlement of North America, homeless, orphaned children were already running rampant.As much of the literary works illustrates, social planning for childhood abandonment was not considered a occupation until the nineteenth-century. LeRoy Ashby notes in his book Endangered Children Dependency Neglect and Abuse in American History (1997), concerns slightly endangered and needy children have been particularly evident during times of social stress (p. 2). He also notes that most often those who discovered childhood abandonment were only concerned of the derangement and squalor of the growing cities and not the children themselves (Ashby, 1997). This is because children were the hope-or threat-of the future and then need to be protected (Trattner, 1998). The intelligence of neglect like child abandonment was not seen in North America for well-nigh time, mostly due to the fact that children remained indentured servants and property of their parents childhood was not considered a crucial exploitation phase (Trattner, 1998). A transformative view of children came in the 1700s when society began to see children as innocents whodeserved special attention and protection (Ashby, 1997, p.16). Much of the initial result by the colonies in child welfare matters was the result of the 1601 Elizabethan lamentable Law, which had significant implications for subordinate children (Ashby, 1997). Similarly, the doctrine of parens patriae affirmed the state is the ultimate parent of every child (Ratliff, 2000). However, throughout the colonial and early national times, the finale of laws aga inst child neglect crimes, and furthermore social planning for interdependent children, remained rather unclear.Some literature suggests that abandoned children have always been a concern in this country, but this fact is not well documented. The social problem of planning for these neglected children is not well preserve or elaborate by any particular person or group of individuals sightedness as its existence dates as far back to the earliest man. From the time of mans arrival in the western world, indenture and outdoor relief dominate the seventeenth- and eighteenth-centuries policies regarding child dependency (Ashby, 1997, p. 14). However, for orphan and needy children in the 1700s, officials, fellow citizens, and familial networks responded with sympathy and concern although their first interest remained with their own families and affairs (Ashby, 1997). Almshouses were schematic few and far between in the 1700s as small, emergency-only, traditional forms of child welfare (Ashby, 1997). The introduction of such almshouses and orphanages demonstrated that, by the nineteenth-century, new responses to child dependency were apparent. Many social work researchers would attribute the recognition of the social planning for dependent children to early-nineteenth century reformers who saw children as the possibility for creative altruism (Trattner, 1998, p. 108). It was at this time that the child welfare movement sweep into the beginning of the twentieth-century (Trattner, 1998). Although indenture systems were the way of early colonial times, they also contained suggestions of child welfare strategies which integrated a shift in assesss towards foster care and adoption (Ashby, 1997).Values Societal Institutional ArrangementsValues compete a large role in identifying both the problem and thinkable resolutions with the issue of social planning for abandoned children in early America. First, the nociceptive realization of children as more than property has been essential to the steps toward planning for dependent, neglected children. A change in early America came when society began to agnise children as posing a sort of social problem that canproduce judicial responses (Dingwall, Eekelaar, Murray, 1984, p. 208). Charles excite, the nineteenth-centurys most effective championer of children on the streets, was quoted in saying the child, most of all, needs individual care and sympathy (Olasky, 1994, p. 46). Although Brace is cited much more recently in the literature on dependent child, his thoughts and determine are the same upon which the first institutions assailing child dependency were founded. In addition, Fredrich Froebel posed that children needed to exercise their minds and bodies (Trattner, 1998, p. 111). Reformers began initiating institutions, such as the orphan asylum, as a solution for the mounting crisis of parentless children (Ashby, 1997). Society had finally begun to recognize the special needs of children and unearthed a new concern for the best interests of the child.The recognition of family values and the family as an elemental social institution also helped interventions, which came about on behalf of the welfare of the child. Charles Braces goal was to find adoptive homes for the orphans to prepare them under the combination of love and discipline that parents can leave behind (Olasky, 1994, p. 46). Childhood abandonment is actually first mentioned in the literature in relation to providing base care for parentless children (Burnstein, 1981, p. 214). Herein lies the fact that social planning for abandoned children has been an issue for many years. In 1729 the first orphanages in the get together States were founded by nuns to provide care for a group of children whose parents died in an Indian massacre (Lewis Solnit, 1975). This institution, as well as many others that have since fortifyed, served as a somewhat re military position family for poor neglected children. In some instances, almshouses served to keep poverty stricken families together, allowing families, most often mothers and children, to sleep in the same ward (Ashby, 1997). Many more social agencies similar to these were formed all over North America throughout the 1800s. Another value set aside in this revolutionizing era was that of reforming poverty and unrest in society. Children sheltered in the orphanages were supposed to learn virtue and piety exertion and cleanliness, they were educated and taught the importance of hard work (Ashby, 1997, p. 17). Religious values were also on the rise at this time evangelical religious beliefs and add-on attitudes began sweeping across America (Trattner, 1998). Of the 150 orphanages founded between 1820 and 1850, nearly all were tied to religious groups (Ashby, 1997). The combination of the familial, societal, and religious values assisted in the institutions completed for the abandoned children in society.Both the values and social institu tional arrangements have influenced the understanding of this problem. Family, one of the most fundamental institutional arrangements for a young impressionable child, is nonexistent to an orphan. This has contributed to our understanding that each child is authorise to grow up within a family, they need a safe, nurturing surround with at least one adult figure (Rosenberg, 1992, p. 171). As a society that respects the welfare of children, it is thus the responsibility of individuals to set up well-running safe havens for these orphans. Furthermore, it is societys responsibility to provide the utmost care and protection for neglected, dependent children whether this is in an orphanage, foster care, or with an adoptive family (Rosenberg, 1992). Due to the familial focus of the almshouses and orphanages, society further realizes that these small, drab institutions are no place for a dependent child to spend their entire young life. Institutions set forth to house dependent children, a s expound previously, were intended to provide basic care for parentless children. Furthermore, it thus comes to ones attention that these institutions can quickly reverse overcrowded and fall short of a real family. Many almshouses, as described by historians and social work researchers, were vile catchalls for victims of every sort of calamity and misfortuneherded together and badly mistreated (Trattner, 1998, p. 113). In fact, most orphanages began as temporary homes for children who had lost one or both parents (Ashby, 1997). This raises the question of what to do once institutions wont suffice as home to an orphaned child or is not a safe place for a younker to reside in the issues with social planning for orphaned children are wide-ranging and never ceasing. Our understanding, therefore, is that the social planning for dependent children needs revamping.Further Descriptions of the puzzleThe problem of childhood abandonment affects over 400 million children who hump on th eir own on the streets of hundreds of cities around the world (ISK). The Department of tender Welfare and Development documents over 100 abandoned children turned over to them every 2 months (100 kids abandoned every 2 months). It has also been recorded that a child becomes an orphan every 2 seconds, leaving the number of dependent children looking for families and homes at an alarming, increasing rate (ISK). The population most affected by the social planning for abandoned children is most straight the orphans themselves however, the problem also affects society at large. With an ever increasing number of dependents, the state has an obligation to care for the growing number of parentless children. Organizations and institutions moldiness fetch their moral values and keep up their work bandage at the same time receiving and/or raising adequate pecuniary resource (Rosenberg, 1992). Agencies can often wither away from lack of finances and impairment of morale it is important to remember the welfare of the child and attempt to sustain almshouses, orphanages, and foster homes (Dingwall, Eekelaar, Murray, 1984). Mothers of abandoned children are also being affected, psychologically and emotionally, dealings with the loss of a child they could not afford, did not plan for, or simply could not keep. The future of society is also affected, many idolize that if the practice and policy surrounding child welfare does not improve, it is feared that the destiny of America is a national catastrophe after all, children, even dependent, neglected, and poor children, are to years future (Trattner, 1998).The problem of social planning for abandoned children is to wit impacted socioeconomically, by societal values, and by power, or lack thereof. The problem of childhood abandonment tends to persist most often when mothers are excite that they simply cannot provide for their offspring (Burnstein, 1981). In this case, they will desert the child due to a lack of resourc es to sustain the childs well-being. Similarly, the state struggles to afford the greet of the ever increasing number of orphans who are turned over to their care (Dingwall, Eekelaar, Murray, 1984). The issue is initially presented, however, because society values family and the protection of parentless children. Furthermore, lack of power in society, related with economic problems can create a less than desirable outcome for caring for these dependent children. Varying child welfare agencies including almshouses and orphanages have continually struggled for monetary resource to support orphan children, and furthermore, foster homes are few and far between for a variety of reasons. There is a serious lack of families willing and wanting to adopt, therefore leaving orphans to permanently reside in institutions that were meant to be only temporary. The problem of social planning for the abandoned child originated mainly because of the lack of sufficient funds and the power to raise these funds. It is difficult to make a difference, or even bring the problem to the attention of powerful individuals that could make a difference, thus perpetuating the issue. Societal values, as mentioned before, have contributed to the impact of childhood abandonment family values and the welfare of society are both concerns that sparked the onset of social planning for dependent, neglected children (Ashby, 1997).Societys Response to the ProblemIn response to the problem of social planning for abandoned children society has long had a desire to help the immense number of boys and girls floating and drifting about our streets (Ashby, 1997, p. 39). In terms of governmental action, several policies have been designed to remedy the social problem. From the year 1641, legislation has continually been passed to protect the rights and lives of innocent dependent children (Ashby, 1997). In the 1700s dependent children and orphans were not cared for but, on the other hand, were considere d indentured work for families (Ashby, 1997). The first presidential term of orphanages, as stated previously, came about from religious institutions in the 1800s half a century later, concern about growing up in orphanages, insular agencies began placing orphans in foster families (Murray Gesiriech, 2004). Starting in the early 1900s, the first state laws preventing child abuse and neglect were passed and the first federal childrens bureau was established (Murray Gesiriech, 2004). Mainly, the transformation of social go at the start of the early sixties has affected the social planning for dependent children (Gilbert Terrell, 2010). Since the first gain of fiscal support in 1962, there have been changes concerning social allocations, both discriminating and universal, aid in functioning and economic independence in families, income maintenance, and fiscal grants for services (Gilbert Terrell, 2010). However, most of the continual of these policies focus has been on maintai ning the family unit (Gilbert Terrell, 2010).The Social Security take on of 1935 authorized the first federal grants for child welfareservices, under what later came to be known as Subpart 1 of championship IV-B of the SocialSecurity Act (Murray Gesiriech, 2004). More recently, in 2008, the Fostering Connections to advantage and increase adoptions Act of 2008, P.L. 110-351 was enacted. The purpose of the Act is to amend certain aspects of prenomen IV-B (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) of the Social Security Act in order to plug into and support relative caregivers, improve outcomes for children in foster care, provide for tribal foster care and adoption access, improve fillips for adoption, and for other purposes (Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008). The major provisions of the Act are as followsAllowed states to provide payments, and Medicaid, for kinship guardianship assistance under title IV-E for children whose relatives were taking legal guardianship and hence removing them from foster careProvided stricter criminal background checks, including child abuse and neglect registry checks of relative guardians, and adults living in the guardians home.Allowed services to continue for youth who left foster care, kinship guardianship, or adoption after age 16 by amending the Chafee Foster Care independency ProgramHelped at-risk children in foster care reconnect with family members through a variety of programs authorized by grants to state, local, and tribal child welfare agencies andDoubled the incentive payment amounts for special needs adoptions to $4,000 and older child adoptions to $8,000 by extending the Adoption Incentive Program to the year 2013Obliged child welfare agencies to make known all adult relatives of a child within 30 days of their removal and inform them of the options to become a placement resource for the child, and also required siblings to attempt to be put in the same placementRequired that all children receiving foster care, adoption, or guardianship payment to be enlisted in school full-time unless they were otherwise incapable due to a documented medical conditionDemanded the integration of healthcare services for children in foster care, including dental services and mental healthRequired that caseworkers develop a personalized transition plan as directed by the child, 90 days prior to the childs emancipation (Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008)The coordination and focus of this policy, along with other statutes currently in place to combat the issue of social planning for abandoned children alleviates some of the adverse effect on the children.In conclusion, the problem of the increasing number of abandoned children is incomplete a new issue, nor is the concern of social planning for orphans something newly relevant to the times. The historical overview of the social problem, including who first identified the issue, can provide a context with which to understand and provide groundwork for new directions possible in practice and policy. By examining the role of values and societal institutional arrangements, the problem can be better understood and combatted.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Impairment for Baroreflex Dysfunction

nitrous Oxide Synthase Impairment for Baroreflex DysfunctionHarmit BindraCritical Appraisal Impairment of Nitric Oxide Synthase scarcely Not Heme Oxygenase Accounts for Baroreflex Dysfunction Ca employ by Chronic Nicotine in womanly RatsLay Abs portionIntroduction The baroreflex or baroreceptor aesthesia is a physiological parameter that regulates changes in blood pressure. Baroreflex disfunction is thought to supply to some(a) of the cardiovascular changes caused by chronic intake of nicotine. Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) tail be synthesised in the endothelial cells by the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and haemitinoxygenase (HO), respectively. curtailment of NOS and HO mediated driveways have been thought to cause step-down in baroreflex predisposition similar to that of nicotine. This read purports these two pathways and their practicable interactions in an contract to reverse the deterio frequenting cardiovascular topics caused by nicotine.Met hods The sensitivity of baroreflex was de bournined by measuring stick changes in heart rate in response to changes in symbolise arterial pressure generate by atomic number 11 nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE). SNP and PE observe these cardiovascular changes by affecting the diameter of blood vessels.Six groups of certified egg-producing(prenominal) rats were used (6-8 rats/group) to subject field the exploit of NOS on the baroreflex dysfunction caused by nicotine. Rats were treated either with nicotine or saline solution solution for 2 weeks. Baroreflex curves victimisation random doses of SNP and PE were obtained in conscious(p) rats on day 14 subsequently treating these rats with L-NAME (inhibitor of NOS), L-arginine (substrate of NOS) or saline solution for 15 minutes.In a help study, another group of 7 rats treated with nicotine was used to find fall go forth whether HO forbidding by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) abolishes the baroreflex response provoked by L-arginine. Baroreflex sensitivity was measured later treating rats with L-arginine and ZnPP for 15 minutes. Finally, the set up of the inducer and inhibitor of HO, protohemin and ZnPP respectively, were investigated on the baroreflex dysfunction.Results Inhibition of NOS utilise L-NAME caused a similar reduction in the baroreflex response as nicotine. This effect could be reversed with L-arginine. No supercharge reduction in baroreflex response was evident in rats treated with twain nicotine and L-NAME. Interestingly, HO inhibitor led to no reduction in baroreflex response and did not reverse all changes in baroreflex natural action caused by nicotine. This implies that thither is no direct role of HO mediated pathways in the nicotinic-baroreflex activity. On the contrary, thither was an increase in baroreflex activity when HO activity was facilitated.In conclusion, inhibition of NOS is creditworthy for reduction in baroreflex sensitivity caused by nicotine.Background c ultivation and rationale for carrying out the workSmoking cigarettes is one of the most intimately established causes of mortality in the world and it is well known for its scourge effects on the quality of life and the impact it has on the families, including their psychological, complaisant and physical well being. The majority of the harmful cardiovascular effects of weed arise from the use of nicotine. Chronic intake of nicotine has been shown to reduce baroreceptor reflexes by fall the responsiveness of stretch receptors in the carotid sinus together with arterial compliance (Ashworth-Preece et al., 1998 Giannattasio et al., 1994).Nitric oxide (NO) is eminently reactive gas, synthesised via three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, including endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). NO has been knobbed in various physiological pathways. For instance, eNOS results in arterial vasodilation by causing relaxation behavio r of vascular smooth muscles (Prado et al., 2011). nNOS plays an important role in neuronal activity by serving as a neurotransmitter. iNOS is generated by the phagocytes to invade the bacteria as part of immune response. NO has an ability to diffuse through and act as an intracellular messenger. It has been implicated in strengthening the synapses (long term potentiation) in learning and cause NMDA induced neurotoxicity in Parkinsons complaint (Taqatqeh et al., 2009). In a study carried out using brainstem nuclei of rats, it was prime that inhibiting NOS in the central nervous system trim back baroreflex activation (Lo et al., 1996). degree Celsius monoxide (CO) has long been considered to be a toxic gas callable to its high affinity for haemoglobin over oxygen. conflicting to popular belief, our body cells burn down also synthesise CO via heme oxygenase (HO) an enzyme that results in the generation of CO by catalysing the conversion of heme to biliverdin (Abraham Kappas. , 2008). It has been established that inhibition of CO organise by HO reduces reflex activity as well as bradycardic response provoked by glutamate in the nucleus of the solitary tract (Lin et al., 2004). Other studies have independently open up that inhibition of HO induced CO increases blood pressure systemically (Zhang et al., 2001).Interestingly, there seem to be some sort of interaction going on between NO/NOS and CO/HO pathways (Li et al., 2009). Indeed, the endogenous effects of these two molecules are provoked by the activation of soluble gu any(prenominal)late cyclase and a further increase in the levels of cGMP (Tzeng., 2009). Although there is a crosslink between these pathways, it has not been researched whether interruption of these mediators alone or gaolbreak in their mutual interaction is responsible for the baroreceptor dysfunction mediated by nicotine.Approaches to the questionThe study was split into two groups to evaluate the role of NO/NOS and CO/HO pathways in nicotine induced baroreflex depression.In a introductory study, six small groups of female rats, ranging from 6-8 in each group, were used to study the effect of NOS on the baroreflex dysfunction. Three of these groups were given intraperitoneal nicotine for 2 weeks using a dosage of 2mg/kg/day, whereas the remaining groups were treated with saline solution. These rats were cannulated intravascularly on day 12. Baroreflex curves using SNP and PE were obtained in conscious rats on day 14 after treating these rats with L-NAME, L-arginine or saline solution for 15 minutes.In a endorsement study, another group of 7 rats treated with nicotine were used to find out whether HO inhibition by ZnPP abolishes the baroreflex response provoked by L-arginine. Baroreceptor sensitivity was measured after treating rats with L-arginine and ZnPP for 15 minutes. The sensitivity of baroreceptors was determined by measuring changes in heart rate in response to changes in mean arterial pressure induce d by vasoactive drugs, such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE). This was carried out using regression analysis. Randomised doses SNP and PE doses, ranging from 1 to 16g/kg, were injected intravenously to obtain a baroreflex curve. An index of baroreflex activity was found by expressing the slope of the regression line as beats/min/mmHg.In the final part of the study, the effects of the inducer and inhibitor of HO, hemin and ZnPP respectively, were investigated on the baroreceptor dysfunction induced by nicotine. This was done using 5 different groups (5-8 female rats/group) for a 2 weeks period in which baroreflex testing was carried out using hemin, ZnPP, hemin + L-NAME, hemin + ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and CORM-2 (CO releasing agent).Two further control groups were used in which rats received saline solution for 2 weeks and the baroreflex readings were then interpreted post-treatment with hemin or CORM-2. To measure the activity of NOS and HO, rats were treated with nicotine or saline for 2 weeks in the bearing or absence of hemin and their brainstem was cleft and freezed at -80C.Key Results and analysisBoth nicotine and NOS/NO pathway inhibition produced a similar effect on baroreflex activity. Rats treated with nicotine showed reduced slopes in the baroreflex curves exhibited by PE and SNP in comparison to the saline treated rats, suggesting a reduced baroreflex response. In rats treated with nicotine, there was a decrement from 2.10.2 ms/mmHg to 1.10.2 ms/mmHg in the baroreflex sensitivity exhibited by the PE. A similar reduction from 0.90.1 ms/mmHg to 0.40.1 ms/mmHg was seen in the baroreflex sensitivity exhibited by SNP. These results were statistically hearty (PIn short summary, the study was quite clear in explaining the pastime of NO/NOS pathway in the reduction of baroreflex activity caused by nicotine. frontmost of all, inhibiting NOS using L-NAME caused similar reduction in baroreflex response as nicotine. Secondly , this effect could be reversed with the substrate of NOS (L-arginine). Thirdly, having both nicotine and L-NAME did not cause any further reduction in baroreflex response.The inhibition of HO by ZnPP had no effect on the baroreflex sensitivity in nicotine treated rats, implying that there is no direct role of HO pathway in the nicotinic-baroreflex activity. Any decrease in baroreflex sensitivity by nicotine could be reversed with hemin as the curve deviated more towards saline treated rats. Interestingly, when rats were treated with L-NAME or with ODQ, the restrictive effect of hemin to reverse the reduction in baroreflex sensitivity was no longer evident. This suggested that the initial reduction in baroreflex response was probably referable to an increased activity of NOS that was no longer seen when L-NAME was used. Indeed, the activity of HO and NOS was found to increase in the brainstem tissue of rats treated with nicotine in the presence of hemin. Together, these findings i mply that NOS is a downstream pathway responsible for changes in baroreflex sensitivity and hemin is somehow feeding into this pathway and activating it to facilitate baroreflex response. at that place was no reduction in baroreflex response caused by nicotine with carbon monoxide dislodge agent (CORM-2). This is supporting the idea that reduced baroreflex response is possibly due to NOS activity and not related to CO.Likely impact of research end pointThe results implicated NOS pathways to be responsible for the deteriorating effects of nicotine on baroreflex sensitivity. Although, the current study implicated NOS pathways as a downstream mechanism and HO playing at the upstream level, more work is claimed to investigate the effects of CORM-2 and hemin and shed light on the cellular cascades responsible for bringing these changes on baroreflex sensitivity. Taking into consideration that the ultimate pathways involved in the baroreceptor dysfunction from this study is NOS relat ed, activation of NOS could be an important sanative target in treating the deteriorating effects of nicotine on cardiovascular system, especially the baroreceptor dysfunction. However, it is too ahead of time to accept this claim as these results need to be replicated and clinical trials mustiness be carried out before considering any changes in the clinical practice. upcoming work and conclusionAt present, this study is unlikely to have any major impact on the development of therapeutic drugs. Except the possible involvement of NOS, the signalling cascades responsible for baroreflex dysfunction still remain unclear. Contrary to these findings, the same author previously reported that CO formed by HO attenuated the baroreflex sensitivity in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats (Lo et al., 2000 Lo et al., 2006). The author has move to justify the possible variation between the two studies with the use of conscious rats in the current study and anesthetised rats in the previous study. In addition, the inhibitor of HO was injected directly into the medullary nucleus in the previous study as opposed to an intravenous injection in the current study. Although these changes may contribute to the differences in terms of accuracy and reliability of the results, they are unlikely to in full account for the involvement of CO mediated changes in baroreflex sensitivity. Therefore these experiments need to be replicated before considering any clinical trials.The whole brainstem was dissected to measure the activity of NOS. This may not accurately reflect the levels of NOS in the cardiovascular nuclei of medulla therefore the study can be wide to investigate this. The use of animal models to test baroreflex sensitivity and the pharmacological agents to counterbalance such changes may not work similarly in humans. Baroreflex sensitivity is blunted to different degrees with increasing age (huang et al., 2007) and this may have an effect on the appropriate dose require d to show any therapeutic benefits. Finally there could be intrinsic pathways affecting the baroreflex response because autonomic control can be influenced by different variables including mood, alertness and noetic activity. Therefore, any future studies must take these factors into consideration.Words 2069ReferencesAbraham NG, Kappas A.Pharmacological and clinical aspects of heme oxygenase.Pharmacol Rev. 2008 Mar60(1)79-127. inside 10.1124/pr.107.07104. Epub 2008 Mar 6. Review. Erratum in Pharmacol Rev. 2008 Jun60(2)242.Ashworth-Preece M, Jarrott B, Lawrence AJ (1998) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat and primate nucleus tractus solitarius and on rat and human inferior pneumogastric (nodose) ganglia evidence from in vivo microdialysis and 125I alpha-bungarotoxin autoradiography. Neuroscience 83 11131122.Giannattasio C, Mangoni A, Stella ML, Carugo S, Grassi G, et al. (1994) Acute effects of smoking on radial artery compliance in humans. J high blood pressure 12 6916 96.Huang CC, Sandroni P, Sletten DM, Weigand SD, Low PA.Effect of age on adrenergic and vagal baroreflex sensitivity in normal subjects.Muscle Nerve. 2007 Nov36(5)637-42.Li L, Hsu A, Moore PK.Actions and interactions of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide in the cardiovascular system and in inflammationa tale of three gasesPharmacol Ther. 2009 Sep123(3)386-400. doi 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.05.005. Epub 2009 May 30. Review.Lin CH, Lo WC, Hsiao M, tung tree CS, Tseng CJ (2004) Interactions of carbon monoxide and metabotropic glutamate receptor groups in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308 12131218Lo WC, Jan CR, Chiang HT, Tseng CJ (2000) Modulatory effects of carbon monoxide on baroreflex activation in nucleus tractus solitarii of rats. Hypertension 35 12531257.Lo WC, Lu PJ, Ho WY, Hsiao M, Tseng CJ (2006) Induction of heme oxygenase- 1 is involved in carbon monoxide-mediated central cardiovascular regulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318 816.L o WJ, Liu HW, Lin HC, Ger LP, Tung CS, et al. (1996) Modulatory effects of nitric oxide on baroreflex activation in the brainstem nuclei of rats. elevate J Physiol 39 5762.Prado C. M., Martins M. A., and Tibrio I. F. L. C. (2011) Nitric oxide in asthma physiopathology,ISRN Allergy, 20111-13.Taqatqeh F, Mergia E, Neitz A, Eysel UT, Koesling D, Mittmann T.More than a retrograde messenger nitric oxide needs two cGMP pathways to induce hippocampal long potentiation.J Neurosci. 2009 Jul 2229(29)9344-50.Tzeng E (2009) Carbon monoxide vascular therapeutic for the future. Vascular 17 Suppl 1 S5562.Zhang F, Kaide JI, Rodriguez-Mulero F, Abraham NG, Nasjletti A (2001) Vasoregulatory function of the heme-heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide system. Am J Hypertens 14(6 Pt 2) 62S67S

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Theory and Applications

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy conjecture and ApplicationsCognitive Behavioural Therapy AssessmentIntroduction Definition of Cognitive conductal TherapyThe term Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) covers a trope of techniques of spoken interactive therapy which be considered useful in helping people solve life problems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as anguish, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and various addictive problems. (Beck A T 2005)Basic theoretical principlesCognitive behavioural therapy has arisen as a hybrid therapy combining the elements of cognitive therapy, which was origin all toldy conceived and developed to assist in changing dysfunctional beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, and expectations, and behavioural therapy (which is referred to as behaviourism) which was originally developed to kind how people acted in response to various stimuli.Influential authorities such as Beck suggested that how i thinks about a situation come ups how one acts and ou r actions determine how one thinks and feels. (Beck A T et al. 1979). This therapy terminateeavours to channel elements of thinking (cognition) and behaviour unneurotic in order to achieve its beneficial effect on smellings.The therapy is establish on an assumption that feelings and behaviour patterns such as anxiousness and evasion behaviours are related to the development of maladaptive beliefs and their related thought processes in an individual. Therapy is based on a series of collaborative interactions betwixt the affected role and the therapist in conjunction with specific cognitive and behavioural techniques such as Socratic dialogue, monitoring of beliefs, activity monitoring and scheduling, analysing advantages and disadvantages of avoidance, graded picture show assignments, behavioural experiments and role-play. The exact form of the therapy will depend on the instauration of the patient and the professional expertise of the therapist. (Hobbis I C A et al. 2005) draft overview of the evidence base to support CBTThere are two fundamental issues here. In order to define the evidence base for Cognitive behavioural therapy, one has to define the condition for which it is said to be efficacious. In the scope of this essay, one quarter specifically consider Cognitive behavioural therapy in the area of fretting treatment. A good place to start is the subscribe to by Stanley (Stanley M A et al. 2003). This was a small retrospective vignette which Cognitive behavioural therapy was contrasted with usual care and demonstrated a carry statistically signifi burnt advantage in the Cognitive behavioural therapy convocation on a broad battery of perplexity measurement tools. This correlates head with other findings from larger studies (viz Wetherell J L et al. 2005) and the meta analysis by Pinquart (Pinquart M et al. 2007)Principles and practices of CBT assessmentRole and purpose of CBT assessment process related to applicable theory described previously.Describe the different stages of CBT assessment process.There are a number of different assessment stupefys. For an illustrative example one can use the Williams Garland model (Williams C et al. 2002). This model uses quintet discrete areas of assessment which are described as- ara 1 Situation, relationships and practical problems For example, Debts, hovictimization or other difficulties. Patients may feed problems in relationships with family, friends, colleagues, etc. Life events such as deaths, redundancy, divorce, court appearances may all be germane(predicate).Area 2 Altered thinkingAn exploration of the distinctive characteristics of dysfunctional thinking that are popularly found in anxiety and depressive states, for example patients may display an mogul to overlook their strengths and become truly self-critical. Patients will often unhelpfully dwell on past, current or future problems they put a negative slant on things, using a negative mental filter that focuses only on their difficulties and failures. They can catastrophise events and will typically mind-read and second-guess that others think badly of them, rarely checking whether this is true. (after Whitfield G et al. 2003)Area 3 Altered emotions There are a number of altered emotional states commonly found in anxiety states which can include feelings of anxiety, stress, worry, fear, panic and being hassled. Guilt, anger and irritability are common as are shame and embarrassment.Area 4 Altered personal symptomsThere is a wide variety of symptoms commonly found in anxiety related conditions and these can include restlessness and an inability to relax, feeling of tension, shakiness or unsteadiness when standing, insomnia, palpitations and feelings of depersonalisation.Area 5 Altered behaviourIn anxiety states one of the commonest symptoms is avoidance behaviour which can ordinarily be elicited by asking the question What things wee-wee you stop doing since you started feeling a nxious?Define and describe role and purpose of preparedness in CBT assessmentThere are two major reasons for this pillowcase of assessment. Firstly it serves as a guide for the practitioner to determine the rival of the anxiety (or depression) on the patients overall subjective receive and thereby define goals and targets. Secondly it is helpful for the patient. The Five areas assessment model is easily grasped and at a lower placestood by patients and thereby allows for an understanding of the effects that their anxiety state has on them. Often the act of writing down their symptoms under the headings allows for a degree of emotional distance which allows a patient the ability to examine their symptoms more objectively.Discuss the role and purpose of measurement in CBT model including psychometric and ideographic measures and problem and target statementsInclude relevant references and appendices (e.g. examples of measures)The academic determination of the evidence base for Co gnitive behavioural therapy is eventually based on studies that have measured the degree of response to the intervention. To this end there are a number of tools available for measurement. A relatively new tool that has been described in the literature is the Questionnaire on restraint Expectancies in Psychotherapy, (Jennings S 2008) which quantifies the degree to which indebtedness for change is shared between therapist and patient. Other older tools include the state trait anxiety inventory, the graphic anxiety scale, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the anxiety-defining characteristics tool (Chuldham C M et al. 2008)Engagement issuesEngagement with the patient can be a complex matter. A brief overview of the literature on the subject suggests that studies that have shown a poor patient response to Cognitive behavioural therapy have identified one of the causes to be inadequate expectancies of the patient specifically regarding the responsibility and the mechanis ms of therapeutic change. Responsibility can be assigned to the therapist alternatively than the patient. In this respect, assessing control beliefs specific to the context of the psychotheraputic approach and specifically linking them to the judge therapy outcome can help highlight this specific aspect.References Beck A T (2005) The Current State of Cognitive Therapy A 40 Year ex post facto Arch Gen psychiatry, September 1, 2005 62 (9) 953 959.Beck A T, Rush A J, Shaw B F, Emery G (1979) Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York, Guilford, 1979Chuldham C M. Cunningham G, Hiscock M, Luscombe P (2008) Assessment of anxiety in hospital patients Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol 22 yield 1 Pg 87 93 208Hobbis I C A, Sutton S (2005) Are Techniques Used in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Applicable to Behaviour heighten Interventions Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour? Journal of wellness Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 7 18 (2005)Jennings S (2008) Perceived responsibility for cha nge as an outcome predictor in Cognitive behavioural therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Volume 47, Number 3, September 2008 , pp. 281 293(13)Pinquart M, Duberstein P R (2007) Treatment of Anxiety ails in Older Adults A Meta-analytic Comparison of behavioural and Pharmacological Interventions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, August 1, 2007 15 (8) 639 651.Stanley M A, Hopko D R, Diefenbach G J, Bourland S L, Rodriguez H, Wagener P, (2003) CognitiveBehavior Therapy for Late-Life Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Primary Care Preliminary Findings Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 11 92 96, February 2003Wetherell J L, Gatz M, Craske M G (2005) Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, June 1, 2005 18 (2) 72 82.Whitfield G, Williams C (2003) The evidence base for cognitive-behavioural therapy in depression tar in busy clinical settings. Advan. Psychiatr. Treat., January 1, 2003 9 (1) 21 30.Williams C, Garland A (2002) A cognitivebehavi oural therapy assessment model for use in everyday clinical practice. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment (2002) 8 172 17926.08.2008 parole count 1,439 PDG

Impact of AirAsia on Indias Economy

Impact of styleAsia on Indias EconomySummaryAirAsia is the worlds outstrip depression cost airline which is Malaysian based. This group operates scheduled international domestic shoots in 22 countries and around 100 destinations.AirAsia expanded its trading operations in India in 2012, in joint venture with TataSons. Since Indian governance fall by the wayside an FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) of 49% in Airlines, the ships club hold 49% stake with TataSons having 30% and Telstra Tradeplaces Arun Bhatia acquiring 21% stake. AirAsia has decided to set 30 adept thousand gazillion dollars to 50 million dollars to start up the airline in India.The alliance in 2013, as a promotional putz to penetrate into the Indian market, has announced booking of 2 million seats from some of south Indian cities ( manage Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata and Tiruchirapalli) to south east destination like Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur etc with a very low coat ranging from Rs 3300 to Rs5500. The attac h to has a hackneyed practice to open booking of seats a few months in advance at nominal price and then increasing them as the day passes to come up to ten times near the flight day. This is to assure filling of certain percentage of seats with low have it away and then going to mellowedest level. This practice reduces the gap between demand and give as alone little number of seats go va idlert. The spin of the company is sooner diverse from Tiger Airways, which stomachd 10 seats on every flight for Rs 2700 to Singapore from Banglore, Hydrabad, Kochi, Chennai, Tiruchirapalli and Thiruvananthapuram. F ars offered by the company on different routes are shown below .(Source Economic Times, 2013)The company is specially tar take outing the upper meat class customers, travelling by train, competing in budget mail carrier quadruplet which is dominated by SpiceJet and IndiGo. However, gaining a profitable position would be quite challenging for the company in the Indian market which is already incur huge losses in spite of recent discount on fares offers of existing Airline Company. It has incurred a combined loss of $400 million to $450 million in the quarter of July to September. An tropeer(a) challenges are high open fire prices in the international market, stiff competition, high operate cost and governmental opposition, regulatory pressure and uncertainty in India as Indian air travel Industry was opened to foreign investors recently.CompetitionThe company willing character strict competition on route of Kolkata from SpiceJet, Jet Airways, IndiGo and Air India which combines offer 56 flights on weekly undercoat (Rai, 2013). The competition will get fiercer on Bangalore where 101 weekly service are offered by the stated four.Structure of Indian Aviation marketSince the Airline manufacturing is an oligopolistic market structure with few big players, the fare acidulated give notice of AirAsia company will definitely copied by different firm s to remain in the competition, as it is one of the basic feature of oligopolistic market that fare cutting or increasing move by one is embodyed by other sooner or later. This will create a fare fight among the companies, benefit of which can be reaped by customers.The company has taken this bar as low cost airline companies have predicted to have greater latent in Asian countries like India whose community is above one million and the population of middle class is growing day by day which proves to be a huge market potential for the company to grow. (Upadhyay, 2013)According to the regulation of Indian Government, a foreign company can enter to Indian Airline sector with 49% stake totally in the form of FDI, the regulation normally need a carrier to have domestically operated for at least 5 years with twenty dollar bill aircraft fleets before starting its operations internationally (Singhal, 2013). Therefore on this basis international market opportunities for the company wi ll concentrate on those routes where highest concern volume already exists.Companys step to reduce operating cost and gaining economies of scaleThe company will focus on south India which is a tourist attracting area and an unaltered and underserviced market by other airline companies.The company will not operate to Mumbai and Delhi airports as these airports get offs high Airport Development charge. Also Mumbai has extremely high air over-crowding leading to time consuming landing of aircrafts. In this way company would be able to avoid high navigation landing charge and aircraft parking chargeThe company has benchmarked its base fare against Indian Railways tickets and prices only Rs 1000 more than course fare which will attract rail consumers to switch over to airlines, increasing companys revenue.For keeping low operating cost, the company have planned to have a range staff structure initially targeting up to 80- 100 employees per aircraft. Whereas competitors of the compa ny instantly have a ratio ranging from 102 to 185 employees per aircraft. Company also offer prefigure to point service and uniform fleet for operational savings and provide internet sales of tickets for overhead savings.Upcoming opportunity for the companyOn the basis of macroeconomic metric based on the population of city, Surat (Gujrat), Patna (Bihar) and Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), which are largest Tier 2 cities of India, are not connected to Chennai. Surat has a population of around 4 million, Patna has 1.6 million populations Bhopal has 1.8 lot living there. (Balasubramanyam, 2013)Therefore AirAsia India can also plan to consider its services to these cities to meet up the potential demand.Benefit to Indian EconomyIndia will get benefit in the following waysIncreased revenue for government in the form of taxes.Since it is a Foreign Direct Investment, Indian economy will get benefitted through infrastructural development by the company, increased employment opportunities for Indian people as company will hire people to provide its services.Since the company is offering low fare tickets to customers, other firms will also follow the move, offering better opportunities for customers to avail airline services at low cost.AirAsias move will break the status quo in set policy, commercial and marketing strategy of Airline companies in India as currently Indian Airline companies lack innovation in pricing their services due to which about twenty percent of the seats go on empty in most of the flights.Overall this move of the company is thoroughly for economy as well as customers as it will allow maximum customer to avail airline services and create spill the beans effect. Also Indian market has potential as its size is evaluate to grow in next 10 years from sixty million passengers to around 450 million passengers which is also a good news for the companyReferencesBalasubramanyam, K., (2013), Sky wars, Article, Available http//businesstoday.intoday.in/sto ry/airasia-tieup-with-tatas-impact-india-aviation-sector/1/192745.html Accessed 1 may 2014Rai, S., (2013), wherefore AirAsias Entry Is Good For Indias Aviation Sector, Article, Available http//www.forbes.com/sites/saritharai/2013/07/11/why-airasias-entry-is-good-for-indias-aviation-sector/ Accessed 1 May 2014Singhal, M., (2013), An airline for the people, Article, Available http//businesstoday.intoday.in/story/air-asia-to-enter-india-aviation-sector/1/197970.html Accessed 30 April 2014Upadhyay, A., (2013), AirAsia offers two million cheap tickets to South East Asian cities, Article, Available http//articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-02/news/38218326_1_siegtraund-teh-airasia-group-chief-commercial-officerAccessed 1 May 2013

All Quiet on the Western Front - A Book Review Essay -- All Quiet West

whole quietness on the wolframern former - A retain freshen upProfessors Comments This is a good example of a disk review typic eithery required in hi figment classes. It is unbiassed and thoughtful. The keep backman explains the book and the season in which it was written in expectant detail, without retelling the whole story a pitf all(prenominal) that many first time reviewers whitethorn gravel. All Quiet on the Western Front is the story of capital of Minnesota Baumers service as a soldier in the German army during World War I. capital of Minnesota and his classmates enlist together, sh ar puzzles together, kick upstairs together, sh atomic number 18 disillusionment over the red ink of their spring chicken, and the friends even experience the horrors of death-- together. though the book is a sweet, it gives the ratifier insights into the realities of war. In this genre, the author is emancipate to get under ones skin the characters in a way that brings the reader into the life of Paul Baumer and his comrades. The novel frees the author from recounting only cold, sterile facts. This approach allows the reader to experience what might have been only irrelevant facts if presented in a textbook. This book is written from a perspective foreign to most Americans. Historically, American students are taught from a ace perspective, that being the American perspective. This approach to annals (the single perspective) dehumanizes the enemy and glorifies the Americans. We tend to forget that those on the opposing post are also human. The authors main theme centers non only on the hurt of innocence experienced by Paul and his comrades, alone the loss of an full(a) generation to the war. Paul may be a German, but he may just as easily be French, English, or American. The soldiers of all nations watched their co... ...e preceding reasons, all college students should read the book. The book leave alone ho odwink the meliorate mind, and most importantly, lead cause that mind to think and to fountainhead why things happen as they do. Remarque also tried to teach his audience. scripted at bottom a decade of the end of the war, the book calls on those who give up their youth to the war not to allow time to hide what had happened. era may heal all wounds, but the cause of those wounds must not be forgotten, nor allowed to repeat itself. The author is however, pragmatic enough to realize that all will not learn the lesson nevertheless, those who are willing to learn it will teach that the story has been told before, and without their intervention, it is doomed to be told again.Works CitedRemarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York Ballantine Books, 1984. All Quiet on the Western Front - A Book Review Essay -- All Quiet WestAll Quiet on the Western Front - A Book ReviewProfessors Comments This is a good example of a book review typically re quired in history classes. It is unbiased and thoughtful. The Student explains the book and the time in which it was written in great detail, without retelling the entire story a pitfall that many first time reviewers may experience. All Quiet on the Western Front is the story of Paul Baumers service as a soldier in the German army during World War I. Paul and his classmates enlist together, parcel of land experiences together, grow together, share disillusionment over the loss of their youth, and the friends even experience the horrors of death-- together. Though the book is a novel, it gives the reader insights into the realities of war. In this genre, the author is free to develop the characters in a way that brings the reader into the life of Paul Baumer and his comrades. The novel frees the author from recounting only cold, sterile facts. This approach allows the reader to experience what might have been only irrelevant facts if presented in a textbook. This book is written from a perspective foreign to most Americans. Historically, American students are taught from a single perspective, that being the American perspective. This approach to history (the single perspective) dehumanizes the enemy and glorifies the Americans. We tend to forget that those on the opposing side are also human. The authors main theme centers not only on the loss of innocence experienced by Paul and his comrades, but the loss of an entire generation to the war. Paul may be a German, but he may just as easily be French, English, or American. The soldiers of all nations watched their co... ...e preceding reasons, all college students should read the book. The book will captivate the educated mind, and most importantly, will cause that mind to think and to question why things happen as they do. Remarque also tried to teach his audience. Written within a decade of the end of the war, the book calls on those who forfeited their youth to the war not to allow time to hide what had happened. Time may heal all wounds, but the cause of those wounds must not be forgotten, nor allowed to repeat itself. The author is however, pragmatic enough to realize that all will not learn the lesson nevertheless, those who are willing to learn it will discover that the story has been told before, and without their intervention, it is doomed to be told again.Works CitedRemarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York Ballantine Books, 1984.

software engineering Essay -- essays research papers

Software engineer (SE) is the profession concerned with specifying, designing, developing and maintaining bundle product applications by applying technologies and practices from computer cognizance, project management, and other fields.SE applications are apply in a wide range of activities, from industry to entertainment. Software applications reform user productivity and quality of life. Application bundle examples office suites, telly games, and the world wide web. System software examples embedded systems and operating systems.SE technologies and practices improve the productivity of developers and the quality of the applications they create. Software engineering examples databases, languages, libraries, patterns, and tools. Computer science examples algorithms and data structures. Project management examples processes.OriginsThe term software engineering was use occasionally in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Software engineering was popularized by the 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference held in Garmisch, Germany and has been in general use since.MeaningsAs of 2004, in common parlance the term software engineering is used with at least three distinct meanings     As the usual contemporary term for the broad range of activities that was formerly called programing or systems abstract      As the broad term for the technical analysis of all aspects of the practice, as opposed to the theory of computer programming      As the term embodying the advocacy of a specific progression to computer programming, angiotensin-converting enzyme that urges that it be treated as an engineering profession rather than an dodge or a craft, and advocates the codification of recommended practices in the form of software engineering methodologies. LevelsThere are currently no widely accepted criteria for distinguishing soul who is a software engineer from fewone who is not a software engineer. In ad dition, the industry is in the midst of a complex moot on the licensing of practicing software engineers. For the localities that do not license software engineers, some hiring classifications are made based on education and experience. Classification levels whitethorn include entry-level, mid-level, and senior.Typical entry-level software engineers fox a bachelors degree and adjust to five years of experienc... ...ep toward the management of disease was replacement of demon theories and humours theories by the germ theory. That very step, the beginning of hope, in itself dashed all hopes of supernatural solutions. It told workers that progress would be made stepwise, at great effort, and that a persistent, eonian care would have to be paid to a discipline of cleanliness. So it is with software engineering today. (Fred Brooks in No Silver Bullet)      SE advocates have climbed a social ladder for a few decades and are without delay fighting against a tide of open source software that seems to be bringing bazaar anarchy and taking the well-deserved mince out of their hands. transgress of this is their utopia of "software engineering" by some magic cathedral approach which has never worked and whose failure the authors of these utopias tend to blame on the lack of control that copyright offers them over their projects. The strange thing here is that they have had the fortune to put all these things into practice in their university haven. But, strangely enough, the more victorious university projects are carried out in a bazaar-like open-source manner. -- Hartmut Pilch

Relational Dialectics: A Research Report Essay -- Relationships Sociol

comparative Dialectics A Research ReportThis research of Relational Dialectics Theory refers to the book titled A Handbook of Personal Relationships, edited by Steve Duck. The title A Dialectical Perspective on conversation Strategies in Relationship Development, written by Lesile Baxter, presents the basic strategies for an ideal human relationship . The theories in which Baxter discusses describe the communication actions that a coulpe must use to establish, maintain, and mellow out their personal relationships. Contradiction is the central concept of relational dialectics. It refers to the dynamic interplay in the midst of unified oppostions. By managing three basic cotradictions which are Autonomy-Connection, Novelty-Prediction, and Openness-Closedness, a tally can maintain a stable and healthy relationship with each(prenominal) other and together, accomplish success. Baxter bases her dialectical theory on the three bipolar pairs that cause contradictions. The primary or p rinciple contradiction is Autonomy-Connection. A sack up of secondary contradictions, Novelty- Prediction and Openness-Closedn...

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy Education Teaching Essays

My Educational PhilosophyI believe that chelaren are like sponges eager to absorb the knowledge we cast off to give them. It is up to us as teachers to make sure they are given the pay information to develop into individuals that foot function in todays society.Undertaking this responsibility, you have to prepare. In doing this just look at very manner and is it just sitting and memorizing? No. In real life you are actively involved in what you do. I believe that the schooling process needs to be an active learning experience. If a child is actively involved in learning he leave alone go forward much more. An example of this is when I taught Pre-school and we were learning the parts of the body. Five legal proceeding after telling the children the divergent parts of the body just angiotensin converting enzyme child could remember where his shin was. So, I went into active teaching by numbers, using the song She waded in the water. In this song, you point to the different parts of the body that get wet. The next day, most of the children still remembered the song and could point to the correct parts of the body. You can actively involve the children in the learning process by scientific experiments, cooking, song, dance, games, contests, puppets, reenactments and the list goes on and on. I feel that planning your lessons to include many of the senses is very valuable in the learning process. In doing so I realize it will stupefy more time and effort but it will be surface worth it to reach the children in ways that will involve them actively in the learning process. By doing this keeping the attention of more of them and in the long run they will retain more of the material introduced to them. Memorizing is a very important part of the learning process, but sometimes you can memorize and have fun doing it.I feel that positive and seasonably feedback is very important. This includes papers graded and handed back promptly. I will al low questions to be answered concerning the results on the papers graded.I feel that a childs input is very valuable. You can learn a lot about a child by listening to him.Parents have a very important role in the development and pedagogy of the children.

He Must and Shall Appear Essays -- God Religion Religious Bible Essays

He Must and Sh every(prenominal) seeThe theophany is a central focus in the Old Testament. Theophany is a Grecian term, meaning Appearance of God. Because God is transcendent and above all things spiritually, He needed to reveal Himself to His creation physically in sundry(a) ways. God would appear before men of His choosing in order to signalize them and have His leave be done on Earth.A major theophany takes place with Abram in the book of Genesis. At this time, he is successful scarcely has no children. The ecclesiastic told him, Look up at the heavens and determine the stars if indeed, you can count them. Then he said to him, So shall your outcome be. (Genesis 155). Abram wanted assurance that his descendants would take possession of the land, so God instructed him to bring certain animals and cut them in halves opposite each(prenominal) other. When the darkness loomed over the earth, God revealed Himself in flames of glory. A smoking firepot with a blazing torch appeared and passed by means of the pieces (Genesis 1517). Abram was still without a intelligence and decided to produce a child with his wifes maidservant, Hagar. piece he felt that this would satisfy God, he later realized that he was wrong, as their son Ishmael would become the father of the Arabs. The angel of the Lord was correct in ascertaining that the nation of Ishmael would produce great quarrels centuries later, a prophet would come and devise a revolting religion designed to undermine Gods will on earth (salvation through the Son), while achieving the schemes of his political agenda. We saw proof that this is not what God wanted, so He established a covenant with Abram. Not only did He change his name to Abraham but also assured him that his descendents would be numer... ...m and bless him, for its through this man that the Son of Man would become the dearest of God. The Lord appeared to Moses to use him to achieve a great goal gap the chains of slavery a nd entering the Promised Land, also a symbolic disclosure of the Son breaking the chains of sin and offering eternal livelihood in the Promised Land. Elijah was the great instrument of God who showed the Baals the power and might of God. Because Israel and Judah were macrocosm disobedient, He commissioned prophets to warn these kingdoms to change their ways or breast punishment. Each and every theophany was unique and served the purpose of fulfilling the Lords will on Earth through people God has chosen and blessed. whole caboodle CitedMcKay, John. A History of Western Society. 7th ed. Massachusetts Houghton Miflin, 2003.NIV Study Bible. third ed. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan, 2002.

Essay --

2.2.Usage of mention Cards versus Debit CardsUndoubtedly, if assent card ar compared to account tease, then studies hold shown that there are some perceived barriers that create hindrances in the adoption of credit cards far and wide. Rysman (2009) used the data from Survey of Consumer Finance, conducted by Federal declare Bank and applied Regression analysis technique to ascendence only the related explanatory variables. Results confirmed that age and income are strong predictors in compensation choice. However, Reward programs do not have a study influence on the overall usage of debit and credit cards. Additionally, defrayment size has U-shaped relationship with credit and debit card credit cards are mainly used in low dollar join and debit in high dollar amount transactions.Several studies have also kept their focus on the consumer choice of using debit cards as compared to other payment methods. A study effect that credit card revolvers are much probably to use d ebit card and less probably to use credit cards, as compared with the client who repay their balance each month. These both groups are different in their perception of payments, comparable revolvers have the perception that debit cards are not for the ease of use and acceptability but for the budgeting purpose and for control over capital (Sprenger & Stavins, 2008). In addition, Zinman (2004) collected the data from approximate 4,000 US Households Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) 2001, to figure out the consumer choice among Debit and Credit card at the Point-of-Sale. Results indicated that debit-card users rationally choose to use debit quite than credit for minimizing transaction costs and for not facing a covering credit limit. King (2005) lose itd the reasons that why consumer... ...(2003) surveyed internet users in 2001 to analyze the choice of payment instrument at point of sale (POS) and for accounting payments and found that consumers who easily adopt new technology are more prone to use electronic payment channels. Results also depicted that factors like transaction value, bills frequency and physical characteristics of POS (cashier presence and self-service) keep an eye on the choice of payment mode.On the other hand, Nnaemeka, Ernest and Onuoha (2011) examined the level of plastic money usage and found that despite the popularity of plastic money in payment methods, cash usage is still leading over the e-purse (electronic purse) usage in Nigeria. The reasons for the result found in study are, risk to security, privacy, customer inactivity (psychology effect), illiteracy and lack of operational facilities (less number of Point of Sales terminals).

Impact of a Childs Self-esteem on Development :: essays research papers

Self-esteem give the sack be defined as how clawren savor about themselves. Childrens levels of self-esteem are evident in their demeanor and attitudes. If children feel good about themselves, these good feelings will be reflected in how they relate to friends, teachers, siblings, parents, and others. Self-esteem is something that affects individuals without life. Therefore, it is truly important for parents to financial aid their children beat healthy levels of self-esteem. There are many things parents can do to help their children peck that they are lovable, capable, and competent, beginning when their children are at a in truth young era. Unfortunately, it is also at a very young age that children can begin to develop low self-esteem. Parents moldiness be very careful non to plant the seeds of low self-esteem in their children unknowingly. Children learn their first lessons about self-esteem from their parents.Children thrive on praise. Praise must be specific and sinc ere to have a positive effect. Its not necessary for parents, teachers, or peers to wait until their children do something exceptional to provide praise. assess an everyday event like getting ready for school on time is enough. Whats important is that people should focus on the positive things their children do instead of on the negatives. Children need to be shown love and affection through both words and physical actions. Parents should tell their children often that they love them and withdraw theyre special. Some parents call their children names and/or belittle them when they are angry. Teachers forward children to the principals office and their friends either fight children or sack them. Such methods can have a negative effect on childrens self-esteem. Not only that but media too can have a negative effect on a childrens self-esteem. Parents better desire that their children are expose to people who will boost his/her self-esteem.A childs self-esteem does affect their de velopment. If a child doesnt feel confident, he/she wont be as likely to go out of your hassock zone and try new things, therefore they wont be developing. afterwards all, not only parents but also peers and teachers and so forth can contribute to the kids

Votes For Sale :: essays research papers

Votes For saleAccording to the Associated Press, lobbyist presentd 633 million dollars to government representatives in the first half of 1999. A lobbyists job is to pass specie to representatives for a select in their favor of a neb. Up to $5000 may be given to some(prenominal) one congressman by a lobbyist thru Political Action Committees (PACs). Farmers, laborers, gunslinger control activists, abortion opponents, and teachers are just a few of the legion(predicate) groups who form these committees in the unite States. These interest groups employ a lobbyist to walk a cash donation on their behalf. The legislative branch of the United States government was designed to represent citizens of this nation. Congressional members are supposed to be the representatives of people in their district or state. Laws are supposed to be passed in the publics best interest. PACs attempt to influence the go through of laws through lobbyists. Lobbyists degrade nation, encourage unsee mly policymaking, and likely provoke policy-making corruption. The most obvious downfall to lobbying is that representatives would be encouraged to vote for money causing a degradation of democracy. In other words, if a pro-life group paid a representative to vote against legalizing abortion the money would influence the representatives vote. Whether or not a bill is passed becomes an issue of who is get outing and able to pay much for it. Congressmen would look to vote for bills that would get them the most money from the PACs. Even though $5,000 is the maximum donation a lobbyists can give to one particular politician lobbyists donate to several. This can give them the upper hand in a bulk decision. Lobbyists believe they are representing the people and getting bills passed that the people want, thus promoting the citizens role in the government. The problem with this view is that the money is getting more representation than the people are. The group that has the most money an d buys the most votes will get more bills passed in their favor, regardless if they are the majority or not. This takes away from the democratic process not allowing all the peoples votes to count. A representative should vote for those who elected him not those who pay him the most. When a representatives vote is influenced by money the fundamentals of democracy are defeated. Secondly, representatives benefit directly from lobbyists donations. Therefore, representatives will use improper policymaking to assure a lobbyists cause is ratified.

The Promising Future of Chinas Economy Essay -- Economy

The Promising Future of chinas Economy If chinawares preservation grows as closely for the conterminous 20 years as it has forthe past 14, it pull up stakes be the biggest prudence on earth I note that Chinas drastic improvements everywhere the last 14 years areoverwhelming, with their Real GNP increase at a rate of 9% a year, whichmeans by, 1994, Chinas economy will match the performance of countrieslike Japan and Taiwan. Chinas standard of alive has also increased, andthe number of people who were considered absolutely poor decreased approximately 63%. I feel with the vast amount of people backup in China,and the economic activity booming like it is, Chinas exports will passto grow, as well as the standard of living. This will create to a greater extent r level offue,and more capital for them to produce even more goods and become even larger,prospering as one of the biggest economies on the earth. I also feel thatChina should try to overcome its corrupt ca rcass and steadily sack into afree enterprise system.Competition has been the key to Chinas success I look at that competition has been the key to Chinas success. WhenMr. Deng opened the free market, it brought the first signs of the farmers change state more rich since the 1950s. His political genius bothowed thefarmers to become rich. He also introduced the open-door policy which isproving to be very beneficial, as they follow in the footsteps of their vehement rich neighbours. Mr. Perkins believed four conditions must be metfor a market system to work well in reforming centrally planned economy. Ibelieve if China continues to improve its productivity, and the number ofmonopolies decrease as studies show, China will move into a capitalistfront only to... ...ver the last some(prenominal) years. The party has a large role to play in Chinas innovation toa full market economy.China is on its way. the West should contrive Chinas interests lay in foreign investment, tr ade and economic reform. Chinas main tearaway(a) force was competition, and they proved thatprivatisation and settling the matter of ownership are not so critical inthe early stages of reform. In the years ahead, China must choose betweenkeeping the communist party or kepping the stunning economic growth. Ifthey continue to grow at the rate China grows, and keep improving theireconomy, and join the likes of Japan, they can combine forces in allaspects against the west, military wise and economically wise. if Chinaseconomy grows as fast for the next twenty years like it has for the pastfourteen, it will be the biggest economy on earth.

Vulgar Wedding Roast by a Childhood Friend Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roa

Vulgar Wedding Speech by a childhood FriendGood evening ladies and gentlemen. This is my first experience in acting such a large role in a wedding. And I re entirelyy appreciate Lee and Susan giving me the opportunity to make a fool of myself in front their friends and family, rather than bonny my own all the time. Yes, I am judgement pretty nervous at the moment, merely not as nervous as Lee was this morning. He verbalize that he had a few butterflies in his stomach. Well, he should be feeling better now, as I found this in the toilet just after hed left it. hold up a brick But unlike me he didnt have anything to be nervous about. Everything has gone to plan and I cant imagine a happier way to start wed life than in this wonderful venue with all their family and friends around them...

Types of Crimes Essay -- Crime Violence Felony Misdemeanor Laws Essays

Types of Crimes A villainy is an displace against the public good, punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both. There be two major classifications of detestation. The basic classification of crime is a felony. A felony is a major crime punishable by imprisonment or death. Murder, manslaughter, burglary, robbery, and arson be examples of felonies. The second major classification of a crime is a misdemeanor. A misdemeanor is a less serious crime with a less severe penalty. Misdemeanors that arent as serious are known as petty offenses. Driving an automobile without a license, deceitfulness about your age to purchase alcohol, and leaving the scene of an automobile stroke are all examples of misdemeanors. Crimes are defined by two elements. The first element is the criminal make for. Every equity that defines a crime must specifically explain the conduct that is forbidden by that law. The criminal act must also involve voluntary conduct. The second element is the need sta te of mind. The required state of mind is specified in the law that defines the crime. In this statue the mental state of mind is required. There are many a(prenominal) different crimes that are against people. Murder is the unlawful killing of another mankind being. There are two breaker points of murder. To be charged with the first degree of murder you must kill some one with premeditation, you use reprehensible torture in killing someone, and you kill someone while acting out a felony. The second degree of murder is known as mans...

Of Mice and Men - George and Lennie seem to have a very close friendship :: English Literature

Of Mice and Men - George and Lennie seem to know a really close friendship passim the story.Of Mice and MenGeorge and Lennie seem to obligate a very close friendship throughout thestory. This is strange because they be completely several(predicate) from eachother mentally, as well as physically. The author tells us that Georgeis a small, quick and defined man. He is the drawing card of the two men andmakes all the plans. Lennie respects him a great deal. Lennie is huge,and very strong, but he has the mentality of a child. He reliesheavily on George, as he cannot fend for himself. He constantly tries hisbest to re-create Georges actions and an example of this is when thetwo men are at the beach. George lay lynchpin on the sand and crossed hishands under his distributor point, and Lennie imitated him, raising his head to seeif he were doing it right. This shows just how much Lennie looks upto George and wants to be standardised him. It is not, however, a one-sidedfriendship. George must be very close to Lennie because he goes to alot of trouble to make sure that they both check together. When Lenniegot himself into trouble in Weed George didnt abandon him they ranaway to a different ranch together. I think George relies on Lenniefor companionship because of the unfriendly and lonesome environmentthey are in. he obviously cares about lennie because he says, God,youre a lot of trouble. I could get along so easy and so nice if Ididnt have you on my tail. I could live so easy and maybe have agirl. If George wanted to leave Lennie and wobble his lifestylecompletely, he easily could. But he stays with Lennie throughout thewhole book so they must have a fussy friendship.In contrast to George and Lennies friendship, Curley and his married woman donot seem to have a very good relationship at all. Even though they aremarried, the two of them are never seen together in the story. Theyalways claim to be looking for each other, but never start one another.At o ne point in the book Curleys wife comes into the bunk dwelling house andflirts with the men, whilst pretending to be looking for Curley. Sheasks Slim if he has seen Curley. Slim tells her that Curley went intothe house and she obviously hasnt been looking for him very well. Weare then told her reaction to his answer, She was of a suddenapprehensive. Bye Boys she called into the bunk-house and she

Analysis of Accuracy of MidYIS Tests Essay -- Papers

Analysis of Accuracy of MidYIS Tests Introduction This essay is an exploration into the relevance of MidYIS tests as a predictor for results at GCSE Music. A comparison will be made between two sets of skills those assessed by the MidYIS test - taken by most children in England at the beginning of year 9 - and those which, accord to exam boards and knowd medicine educators, are tried and true at GCSE. certain(p) fundamental skills required for success at GCSE Music cannot be tested in the MidYIS tests, and I would suggest that a combination of MidYIS-type testing, musical intelligence service assessment and some measure of the amount and quality of musical experience gained before embarking on the GCSE course would serve as a such(prenominal) more relevant indicator of likely success, and a more set aside baseline from which to measure value added. However, the term success needs defining - more pupils who are excellent musicians even before they reach year 9 may not obtain the highest marks at GCSE, and this begs the question, what exactly does GCSE music test, the musicality of a pupil (which will be discussed with reference to Howard Gardners theories of aggregate intelligence) or a pupils ability to jump through the hoops required to do wellhead in this type of exam? Schools continually have their statistics compared, and the practice of analyze value added through the means of a baseline test, is undoubtedly fairer than simply examine final results. However, if, as I will argue, the baseline test is mostly meaningless, music departments should not be put in the difficult function of having to justify any statistical evidence of underac... ...GCSE? What is missing in the MidYIS and Bentley that is fundamental to GCSE? hit up how you could do a research project into MidYIS relevance to each section of the exam paper. Conclude on whether the MidYIS test is important. ------------------ --------------------------------------------------- 1 http//cem.dur.ac.uk/MidYIS/ (accessed on 22 May 2002) 2 http//cem.dur.ac.uk/MidYIS/documents/newsletter6.doc (accessed on 23 May 2002, published January 2000) 3 http//cem.dur.ac.uk/MidYIS/Psa.htm (accessed on 22 May 2002) 4 http//cem.dur.ac.uk/MidYIS/documents/newsletter6.doc (accessed on 23 May 2002, published January 2000) 5 http//cem.dur.ac.uk/MidYIS (accessed on 25 May) 6 http//cem.dur.ac.uk/MidYIS/documents/newsletter7.doc (accessed on 23 May 2002, published Spring 2000)

A Concert Performance to Remember Essay -- Journalistic Descriptive

teacher Comment As a part of the requirement for this course, each savant must attend two live performances and submit a plan report on each. The reports should demonstrate Active Listening and not be merely reviews or critiques. I am interested in the schoolchilds experience at this particular performance. There is no promise to use fancy terminology. Just tell me what happened, how it affected you, how this experience go out influence your plans for future concert attendance? I am especially moved by a report that helps me to relive the concert or one that makes me sorry that I missed it. This essay does just that.The University melody Orchestra conducted by I. M. Conductor and featuring Young Virtuoso on diffuse performed in Freeborn Hall on December 3, 2004. Included in the political program were works by the German twentieth-century composer Paul Hindemith and the German romantic composer Johannes Brahms. Although twain pieces were quite long, the audience, comprised mainly of students (the concert was free), seemed dazzled by Holomans masterly command and Boriskins virtuosic display on the keyboard. The eldest piece performed, Hindemiths Symphony Mathis der Maler, called for the entire orchestra featuring an enormous string and brass section as well as a percussion section complete with orchestral bells and triangle. After a brief intermission, Michael Boriskin appeared on stage with the orchestra for a slight performance of Brahmss Concerto No. 2 in B-flat Major for mild and Orchestra, opus 83. Since both pieces were quite long, this discussion will be devoted to the work by Brahms. The first movement, Allegro non troppo, opened with a unaccompanied French horn stating the theme, which was then emulated ... ...ement seems the perfect release from the various passions of the first three. The softly and strings seemed to be blended more in the poop movement. Often the two would play the thematic rhythmic pattern in un ison, heavily accenting and separating the notes. A rapid run up the keys of the easy and a final swell in the strings brought Allegretto grazioso to an scattered end. Prior to attending this concert, I had never seen a performance involving piano and orchestra, and quite frankly, I wasnt sure if it would work. I thought that the piano might overpower the orchestra, or vice versa, or that the combination would be too busy. I found that with a proper balance in the arrangement between piano and orchestra, and a skillful conductor such(prenominal) as D. Kern Holoman collaborating with a virtuoso such as Michael Boriskin, the writing style can be most satisfying.